Purpose of the study: the aim of this work is to assess the association of 7 SNPs (rs499818 of the PHACTR1 gene, rs619203 of the ROS1 gene, rs10757278 (xr. 9), rs1376251 of the TAS2R50 gene, rs2549513 (xp. 16), rs4804611 of the ZNF627 gene and rs17465637 гена MIA3) with the severity of myocardial infarction.

Materials and methods. Three samples were taken as objects of research. A population sample of patients with non-fatal MI (200 people: men – 129, women – 71), a sample of participants in the HAPIEE project with developed MI during the study (94 people: men – 56, women – 38). A sample of patients with myocardial infarction admitted to the intensive care unit of the city clinical hospital № 1. The sample size was 159 people (112 men, 47 women). The following SNPs were taken into the study: rs499818 (xp. 6), rs619203 of the ROS1 gene, rs10757278 (xr. 9), rs1376251 of the TAS2R50 gene, rs2549513 (xr. 16), rs4804611 of the ZNF627 gene and rs174653. To assess the association of SNP and the severity of the disease, we compared a  population sample of patients with non-fatal MI versus a joint group from a sample of HAPIEE project participants with developed MI during the study, and a sample of MI patients admitted to the intensive care unit of City Clinical Hospital No 1.

Results. For two SNPs, statistically significant differences in genotype frequencies were obtained: rs10757278 AA vs AG + GG OR = 0.61 CI 0.39–0.94; p = 0.027 and rs619203 of the ROS1 gene in a group of men for genotype GG vs CG + CCOS = 0.59 CI 0.37–0.94; p = 0.033.

Conclusions. The associations of seven SNPs were studied, which, according to international studies, are associated with the risk of development, poor  prognosis and the severity of myocardial infarction in the population of residents of the city of Novosibirsk. Two SNPs (rs10757278 and rs619203) were identified, which are associated with the severity of myocardial infarction. 

 Aim of the study was to create a method for assessing the probabilistic time of development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Material and methods. The work was carried out on the basis of the Regional Vascular Center No. 1 (Novosibirsk). A retrospective analysis of the data of 115 patients diagnosed with AMI in combination with verified type 2 DM who were hospitalized in the period from 2018 to 2019 was performed. In all patients included in the study, clinical and demographic, anamnestic, physical, functional, and laboratory data were assessed in accordance with the federal standard for the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. The nature and duration of the course, drug therapy for diabetes mellitus were assessed according to medical documents and databases. Further, a  regression model was built for assessing the probabilistic time of development of AMI in patients with type 2 DM.

Results. The author’s model for assessing the probabilistic time of development of acute myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 DM included eight indicators that significantly correlated with the dependent variable and weakly correlated with each other: patient gender, chronic kidney disease with a decrease in glomerular filtration rate to 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, diabetic retinopathy, verified peripheral polyneuropathy, cigarette smoking 1 pack or more, the number of hemodynamically significant coronary artery stenoses according to the results of selective  coronary angiography, the use of short-acting insulin as part of hypoglycemic therapy, the use of long-acting insulin as part of hypoglycemic therapy.

Conclusion. The study demonstrates the high predictive ability of the author’s approach for determining the individual predicted time for the development of AMI in a patient with type 2 DM. The introduction of the developed method into real clinical practice will make it possible to personally manage type 2 DM patients and to reduce the individual risk of such a formidable cardiovascular complication as myocardial infarction. 

 The aim of the study was to study the associations of electrophysiological signs of metabolic disorders the myocardium (ECG phenomenon TV1>TV6 and components of the ECG of the of left ventricular hypertrophy phenomenon) with some lipid and non-lipid risk factors in an urban population of 25–44 years.

Material and methods. A population survey of a random sample of the
population aged 25–44 years (1439 people, 656 men, 783 women) in  Novosibirsk was conducted. Blood concentrations of total cholesterol, high (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides were measured. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, presence of arterial hypertension, smoking status were  evaluated. The following ECG markers were analyzed: ECG phenomenon TV1>TV6 (the amplitude of T in V1 exceeds the amplitude of T in V6), components of the ECG of the of left ventricular hypertrophy phenomenon.

Results. ECG phenomenon TV1>TV6 was detected in 0.8 % of people (1.4 % of men, 0.2 % of women). In the general population among people with ECG phenomenon TV1>TV6, persons with triglyceride levels >150 mg/dl, with an increased body mass index/waist circumference, with arterial hypertension are 3.0, 2.0, 2.3 and 3.5 times more, respectively, than among people without ECG phenomenon TV1>TV6. Among men with ECG phenomenon TV1>TV6, persons with elevated triglyceride levels, with an increased body mass index/waist circumference, with arterial hypertension are 2.2, 1.5, 2.5 and 2.8 times more, respectively, than among men without ECG phenomenon TV1>TV6. The components of the ECG of the of left ventricular hypertrophy  phenomenon were found in 1.4 % of people (2.1 % of men, 0.9 % of women). In the general population, among people with elevated triglyceride levels, with arterial hypertension, as well as in smokers – individuals with signs of left ventricular hypertrophy are 2.3, 2.1 and 1.7 times more,  respectively, than without them. Among men with elevated blood levels of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, as well as smokers-individuals with components of the ECG of the of left ventricular hypertrophy phenomenon are 1.4, 1.4 and 1.6 times more, respectively.

Conclusions. ECG phenomenon TV1>TV6 and components of the ECG of
the of left ventricular hypertrophy phenomenon are associated with lipid  and non-lipid risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, which indicates a potentiating effect of metabolic disorders in the body not only on the development of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, but also metabolic  disorders of the myocardium. 

 Metabolic thrombophilia is an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis in patients.

The aim of the study was to improve the prediction of the severity of ischemic strokes in the modeling and analysis of neurological disorders in patients.

Materials and methods. The study involved 125 patients suffering from the consequences of ischemic strokes in the vertebral-basilar and/or carotid basins. The age of the patients was 55.4 ± 11.4 years. Group 1 consisted of  61 patients with the consequences of acute cerebral circulatory disorders by the type of ischemia, by the lacunar subtype; group 2 consisted of 64 patients with the consequences of ischemic strokes by the atherothrombotic subtype. Statistical analysis of patient indicators was carried out using licensed statistical programs Excel. In the clinical picture of 43 patients of group 1, the predominant cerebral conduction disorders of the pyramidal system and sensitivity were observed. In the clinical picture, 39 patients of  group 2 developed more frequent conduction disorders of the pyramidal system and sensitivity. According to the linear regression analysis, the worst prognosis for the severity of hyperfibrinogenemia and hyperhomocysteinemia were patients of groups 1 and 2 of the elderly, respectively.

Conclusion. According to the results of our and other authors studies, arterial thrombosis, which causes ischemic stroke according to the atherothrombotic subtype in the presence of thrombophilia, is formed with a certain frequency in patients. Ischemic stroke is less common in young people than in the elderly,  but the underlying pathogenesis and risk factors are more multifaceted. Performing all of these diagnostic tests can improve the diagnosis, primary and secondary prevention of ischemic strokes in patients. 

 Aim of the study was to investigate the associations of metabolic, behavioral, socio-economic risk factors and some molecular genetic markers with the risk of cardiovascular death (CVD) in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) aged 45–69 years.

Material and methods. The analysis included survey data from 681 participants with T2DM. The baseline survey was carried out within the framework of the HAPIEE project. The observation period lasted from 2003– 2005 to December 31, 2018 and averaged 14.7 ± 0.7 years. Persons who at the time of the baseline examination had an indication of a previous myocardial infarction and/or cerebral stroke were excluded from the  analysis. The causes of CVD were determined according to the code International Classification of Diseases 10th revision – I (0–99). Within the framework of the study, 2 groups were formed: the main group, which included persons with T2DM who «developed fatal CV events» 2 207 people (107 men and 100 women) and a comparison group – persons with T2DM who «did not develop fatal CV events» for observation period – 474 people (177 men and 297 women). Indicators of anthropometry, blood pressure, socio-demographic data, some biochemical parameters and molecular  genetic markers were determined. To analyze the association of the studied factors with the risk of CVD, multivariate stepwise Cox regression analysis was used.

Results. The risk factors for CVD common for men and women were determined: age, increased SBP, current smoking, non-working status,  fasting blood plasma glucose ≥ 7.5 mmol/L. For men, significant risk factors for CVD were also – heart rate ≥ 75 per minute, lonely status; for women – verified diabetes before the baseline examination. Carriage of the heterozygous AG genotype against the AA + GG rs2464196 HNF1A is  associated with a reduced risk of fatal CV events in men, OR = 0.488 (95 % CI 0.254–0.941). Carriage of the heterozygous genotype AC rs11212617 ATM is associated with an increased risk of fatal CV events in both sexes. OR = 1.561 (95 % CI = 1.022–2.384).

Conclusion. In men and women with T2DM over a 15-year follow-up, associations were found between the risk of fatal CV events with the level of  both «traditional» and «diabetes-related» risk factors, as well as with the HNF1A rs2464196 and ATM rs11212617. 

 Aim of the study was to investigate the associations of leptin levels with cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight young people.

Material and methods. From a representative sample of the young population of the Oktyabrsky district of Novosibirsk at the age of 25–35  years (636 people), all overweight people (196 persons) and people with normal body weight (control group 197 persons) were chosen for determination of serum leptin (393 people). Study design – case-control. Overweight was determined according to body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. Leptin levels were determined by immunofluorescence analysis (IFA) using Elisa test systems (Diagnostics Biochem Canada Inc., Canada) on an IFA analyzer Multiscan EX (Finland). For calculations, the median and  interquartile range were used (Me [25; 75]).

Results. Leptin level in the study group with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was 4 times higher than in the control group (17.0 [8.6; 36.9] and 4.4 [1.5; 13,1] ng/ml, respectively). The indicators of risk factors in leptin content quartiles were analyzed: it was found that in men and women included in leptin Q4the waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, blood pressure, triglyceride content were more than in Q1; they also showed an increase in the frequency of metabolic syndrome and a decrease in the level of high-density cholesterol. In addition, in men, in contrast to women, leptin Q4 showed an increase in total cholesterol and low-density cholesterol level. According to the ROC analysis, all studied anthropometric parameters reflecting overweight were associated with a high level of blood leptin, and the maximum associations were found between obesity grade II (BMI more than 35 kg/m2) and normal body weight – area under ROC curve 0.91, p < 0.001. The threshold value of the leptin level for detecting MS in men is 6.5 ng/ml, in women 25.8 ng/ml.

Conclusions. Serum leptin levels are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome in young population, and leptin levels above 6.5 ng/ml in men and 25.8 ng/ml in women are characteristic of individuals with metabolic syndrome. 

 The review is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between blood levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-С) and atherosclerosis-related diseases. The review considers the clinical significance of extremely high HDL-C levels in connection with atheroprotective roles of HDL. While scientific discussions regarding the role of HDL-C level in determining the risk of  atherosclerosisrelated diseases are still ongoing, the review presents and  analyzes the arguments of leading experts both «pro» and «contra» new views on HDL. Significant attention is paid to the analysis of possible causes and mechanisms of HDL proatherogenic effects found in subjects with very high HDL-C levels, which are studied using proteomics and metabolomics methods. The question of whether all HDL subpopulations have the same anti- or proatherogenic potential, and to what extent the biological activity of HDL is determined by variations in their subfractional spectrum, is discussed. The principles of developing an accessible method for assessing the functional  activity of HDL are considered. 

 The literature review highlights the results of the most recent foreign and Russian studies on topical problems of vascular calcification with an emphasis on the relationship between some biochemical markers of vascular calcification (in priority osteoprotegerin and osteopontin) with cardiovascular disease and other associated conditions. Including some provisions of the reviewed studies help to clarify the pathophysiology mechanisms of vascular calcification. And it should also be noted that many aspects of the reviewed studies are directly related to a clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to generalize and systematize current knowledge about the contribution of vascular calcification biochemical markers to vascular tunic pathology, which finally leads to  cardiovascular events. To prepare it, the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, MDPI, Hindawi, Oxford Academic were used. 

 In the present review the analysis of the world literature devoted to the problem of familial hypercholesterolemia at a young age was carried out. Its prevalence both on the territory of the Russian Federation and on the territory of the whole world is discussed. The problem of increased risk of age-dependent cardiovascular events is analyzed. The results of research examining the effectiveness of existing risk assessment scales at a young age, as well as the phenotypic diagnostic criteria, including DLCNC, Simon Broome, MEDPED and Japanese criteria are presented. An overview of studies aimed at investigation of the drug and non-drug therapy positive effect on cholesterol levels is given. Innovative methods of hypercholesterolemia correction were announced. The  information on the topic from publications based on PubMed and Google Scholar data were used.