Mutations with a decrease in the expression and function of the of the ATP-binding cassette genes proteins ABCG5 and ABCG8, as the main sterol efflux transporters, lead to the accumulation of xenosterols in plasma associated with changes in the lipid profile, hyperglycemia and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The review presents studies of the role of ABCG5/G8 polymorphisms in CVD and DM2. In several studies, including large–scale ones, the influence of ABCG5/G8 variants (rs4245791, rs41360247 rs4299376, rs11887534, rs7598542, rs78451356, etc.) on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) was proved, in others – when confirming the association of the risk of CHD with ABCG5 polymorphism, this status for ABCG8 was denied. Since sterol metabolism disorders observed in individuals with DM2 are probably associated with low insulin sensitivity, many authors confirmed the association of variants rs4299376, rs4148211, rs140231607 and rs6720173 of the ABCG5/G8 with the risk of DM2, but some authors did not find such a connection with DM2 for variants rs4299376, rs11887534 and rs4148217 of the ABCG8. A decrease in ABCG5/G8 mRNA expression was observed in DM2 in experimental animals and in humans; on the contrary, overexpression of ABCG5/G8 in db/db mice restored the sensitivity of the liver to insulin, which led to a decrease in fasting glucose, lipids and improved glucose tolerance. The inconsistency of data on the association of ABCG5/G8 gene polymorphism with the risk of CVD and DM2 may probably be due to inter-population differences, which necessitates further study of the contribution of ABCG5/G8 variants to the risk of these diseases.

Thyroid hormones play an important role in regulating metabolism. A large body of literature suggests an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MS) in individuals with hypothyroidism, but little data exists on the effects of high-normal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on metabolism.

Material and methods. The study was conducted on a representative sample of people aged 25–44 years (n = 1513, of which 840 were women). The analysis included the results of 343 women. A questionnaire, anthropometric and biochemical study were carried out. Biochemical parameters were analyzed in quartiles of TSH content. Determination of MS was carried out using the criteria of NCEP ATP III (2001), IDF (2005), VNOK (2009).

Results. TSH content in the examined sample was 1.5 [1.0; 2.2] mU/l (median [lower quartile; upper quartile]). Among women 25–44 years old, women with highly normal TSH level (3.1 [2.7, 3.8] mU/l) have less favorable metabolic parameters. MS was detected in 31 % cases, with a predominant increase in the frequency of abdominal obesity – in 51 %, with increased triglyceride levels in 18 %. Women with hypertriglyceridemia had higher TSH content than those with normal triglyceride levels (2.4 ± 1.6 vs. 1.8 ± 1.3 mU/L, respectively, p = 0.007).

Conclusions. In women 25–44 years of age, high-normal TSH content is more often associated with metabolic unhealth.

Aim of the study was to identify the place of low-intensity electro-pulse therapy with biofeedback when it is included in the rehabilitation complex of patients with abdominal obesity to correct the quality of life and individual components of the metabolic syndrome.

Material and methods. In the conditions of the outpatient diagnostic center of City Clinical Hospital No. 2 of Novosibirsk, 60 men and women with abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension and insulin resistance were examined, divided into 3 groups: 1st (main group, n = 25) in addition for standard therapy received a 15-day course of dynamic electroneurostimulation (DENS) from the Neurodance-PCM device; the 2nd (comparison group 1, n = 20), in addition to the basic complex, received DENS procedures from a placebo device, the 3rd (comparison group 2, n = 15) was treated with the use of only a basic therapeutic complex. The control group included 17 men and women without clinical manifestations from the endocrine and cardiovascular systems. The examination included examinations by an endocrinologist, a nutritionist, anthropometry and bioimpedance, assessment of quality of life parameters.

Results. In group 1 patients, 1 month after the start of rehabilitation, there was a greater tendency than in the comparison groups to decrease the body mass index by 9.0 %, a correction of the percentage content in the body structure of fat mass by 1.4 times (p = 0.029) occurred, preprandial glycemia decreased by 1.4 times (p = 0.043) and the level of triglycerides in the blood serum – by 1.4 times (p = 0.044), the increased concentration of free leptin and resistin decreased (1.2 times, p = 0.039), the content of adiponectin in the blood serum increased by 1.2 times (p = 0.041), the quality of life improved 1 month after the start of rehabilitation according to the components of physical and psychological health, which is not observed in the placebo and standard treatment groups.

Conclusions. The inclusion   of DENS from the Neurodance-PCM device   in the comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with abdominal obesity can contribute to the correction of anthropometry, bioimpedance, carbohydrate and adipokine metabolism indicators. This makes it possible to recommend the inclusion of low-intensity electro-pulse therapy in complex rehabilitation for the correction of quality of life indicators and individual components of the metabolic syndrome.

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases (СVD) rank first in terms of morbidity and mortality not only in the Russian Federation but throughout the world. Since the end of 2019 a pandemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or new coronavirus infection (NCI) has spread throughout the world, which contributed to the development and course of CVD. Therefore, genetic markers began to be considered as factors potentially influencing CVD, its development and severity. Objective: To evaluate the association of the nucleotide sequence variant rs12329760 of the TMPRSS2 gene with acute coronary syndrome in patients who have had a new coronavirus infection.

Material and methods. The study included 100 patients (women – 50, men – 50) with ACS and previous NCI, who were selected on the basis of a positive PCR test for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the anamnesis, hospitalized at the regional vascular center No. 7 of the City Clinical Hospital No. 2 of the city of Novosibirsk. Women age was 59.5 ± 7.2 years, men age was 53.5 ± 9.3 years. The diagnosis of ACS was established according to a set of criteria proposed and established by the Russian Society of Cardiology and in accordance with the updated clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of 2020. Patients underwent clinical and instrumental examination, coronary angiography with possible stenting, as provided for in the standards of medical care and clinical guidelines. The nucleotide sequence variant rs12329760 of the TMPSS2 gene was determined in patients using PCR with further analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism. The comparison group consisted of 200 patients with ACS without previous NCI (no positive PCR test, no positive antibodies).

Results. Carriage of CC, СТ, TT, genotype variants of the nucleotide sequence rs12329760 of the TMPSS2 gene are not associated with an increased risk of developing ACS in patients with previous NCI. When comparing the frequencies of the rs12329760 genotypes of the TMPSS2 gene in groups with ACS with NCI and ACS without NCI, no statistically significant differences were obtained. In the group with ACS with NCI, carriage of the homozygous genotype was more common (p = 0.011).

Conclusions. Variants of the nucleotide sequence rs12329760 of the TMPSS2 gene are  not associated with  ACS with previous  NCI.

In 2020, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the UK   proposed   the concept of post-Covid syndrome. One of the main manifestations of the post-COVID syndrome are cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and dyslipidemia. However, the pathogenetic patterns of CVD development in COVID-19 convalescents remain unclear. The purpose of the systematic review was to analyze research data on the contribution of past new coronavirus infection to the development of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis-associated diseases (AAD) in the post-COVID period. 106 publications were selected for analysis. After excluding clinical cases, drug studies, literature reviews and publications devoted to the acute period of COVID-19, a total of 19 articles were selected from Russian and international search engines. Analysis of studies has led to the conclusion that COVID-19 infection makes a significant contribution to the development of new AADs and worsening existing. One of the most likely mechanisms for occurrence of this phenomenon seems to be the development of endotheliitis against the background of the course of COVID-19, however, there are not enough works devoted to this problem.