Objective. To study the effect of sesquiterpene γ-lactone achillin on the lipid content and mRNA expression of key genes of lipid metabolism in the hepatoma tissue cell line HTC in the experimental hyperlipidemia. Materials and methods. The experimental hyperlipidaemia in HTC cells simulated by adding fat emulsion Lipofundin MCT/LCT at a final concentration 0.05 % to the incubation medium. After 48 h of incubating cell culture with achillin at the final concentration 500 μM the cell viability was investigated by using the MTT assay and assessed level of lipids by fluorescent vital stain Nile Red and the content of triacylglycerols (TAG) and cholesterol by enzymatic method. RNA was isolated from cells using the set Illustra RNAspin Mini RNA Isolation Kit («GE Healthcare»). The level of mRNA expression of key genes in lipid metabolism was assessed using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription by TaqMan technology. Results. Incubation cells with Lipofundin MCT/LCT (0.05%) resulted in an increase in the fluorescence intensity of Nile Red and increase the levels of TAG in cells. Achill (500 µM) had no cytotoxic effect on HTC cell and led to reduction of cholesterol and TAG in cells with hyperlipidemia induced by Lipofundin. This was accompanied by a decrease in fluorescence intensity of Nile Red dye in the cells. In the hepatoma culture achillin increased gene expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Cpt1a) and 2 (Cpt2) , 7-alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (Hmgcr) . On expression of gene acetyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (Soat1) achill had an inhibitory effect. Conclusion. Lowering of cholesterol, TAG and Nile Red fluorescence intensity in hepatoma cells in experimental hyperlipidemia under the action of achillin in the final concentration 500 µM could be caused by increase of gene expression carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and 2; 7-alpha-hydroxylase, which contributes to increase the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria, and synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol. In addition, inhibition of acetyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase helps to reduce the formation of cholesterol esters and their accumulation in the hepatocytes.

The aim of this study was to investigate associations of meteorological factors with complications of hospital stage of acute myocardial infarction in Surgut city. 337 consecutive patients (278 men and 59 women), mean age 53,7 ± 8,9 years, with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with ST-segment elevation were examined. In the group of female patients with AMI the early post-infarction angina was positively correlated with the maximum atmospheric pressure in the debut day of AMI (r = 0,294, p = 0,028). Using binary logistic regression (χ²=14,7, p=0,002) we revealed that the deaths in patients with AMI positively depends on the aged (p = 0,001), minimum level of atmospheric pressure in the period from the start of AMI to the end of hospital stage (p = 0,039). It was found that the occurrence of pulmonary edema in women with AMI is directly dependent on the level of minimum atmospheric pressure in the period from the start of AMI to the end of the hospital stage (p = 0,032).

The aim of the study. Study of electrophysiological signs ofmyocardial metabolic disorders (MMD) and the search for their associations with metabolic syndrome (MS) in men with coronary atherosclerosis (CA). Materials and methods. The study included 123 men with stenotic CA, verified during coronary angiography (CAG), without acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and with stable angina functional class (FC) II-IV.Was spend ECG alone in 12 standard leads. We analyzed ECG signs of MMD (length of the interval QT, above the contour >5mm, ST segment depression below the contour >5mm non-ischemic type, T-wave changes, syndrome TV1> TV6, signs of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), arrhythmias and asequence). Evaluated components and markers MS: waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) blood levels of total cholesterol (TC), cholesterol of lowand high-density lipoproteins (LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol), c-peptide, and glucose, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6). Results and discussion. It was found that men with a significant stenotic atherosclerosis of one or more branches of the coronary arteries has a high incidence of MS (69%), its features / components and nonspecific ECG signs of MMD. In addition, men with SC and MS or with the frequency component of the electrophysiological signs MMD ECG signs of LVHand syndrome TV1> TV6 higher by more than 1.5 times in comparison with the absence of MS. Conclusion. Results of the study reflect the impact of common metabolic disorders in the body of the emergence and development of not only the metabolic syndrome, and metabolic myocardial damage.

Earlier research revealed that the decrease in ankle-brachial index (ABI) indicates the presence of atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities and increased risk of cardiovascular events, including stroke risk. Less studied is the relationship of ABI with clinical manifestations of stroke, the effect on recovery of neurological deficit. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between pathological ABI and clinical outcomes of acute disorders of cerebral circulation (cerebral vascular accident) by the time of discharge from the hospital. Materials and Methods: The study included 375 patients after stroke. All patients underwent investigation of the state of the peripheral arteries using the device VaSera VS-1000 (Fukuda Denshi, Japan). Patients evaluated the presence of cardiovascular disease, previously vascular events, type and subtype of stroke. Also assessed neurological status with neurological scales: NIHSS, Barthel, Rankin, Ashworth, mobility index Rivermid and test swallowing. Cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: In patients with abnormal ABI often identified ischemic stroke (99.4%). The study found that patients with abnormal levels of ABI (1.3

Primary health prevention of cardiovascular disease is a major focus of preventive measures among the population. In order to develop the most appropriate and effective preventive measures it is advisable to study the characteristics of the population based on the formation of the socio-demographic profile, using a sociological survey method.

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of the changed living conditions during the last decade, the prevalence of obesity as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease among residents of Mountain Shoria. Materials and methods. During the periods since 1998 till 2002 and since 2012 till 2015 in field conditions by continuous method we examined 1215 and 774 inhabitants correspondingly in the outlying hard-to-reach villages of Mountain Shoria. About half of them was represented by indigenous inhabitants - Shors, the other half by more than 95% was represented by Russians. The examination included: clinical examination, measurement of height, body mass, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), body mass index, WC/HC index. Obesity diagnosis was made in accordance with WHO criteria (1997). Results. During all the examination periods women of non-indigenous nationality revealed obesity more often (3.9% of obesity cases among Shor women, 31.3% cases among non-Shor women over the period since 1998 till 2002 (р=0.0001), 7.3% of obesity among indigenous female inhabitants and 31.4% among non-indigenous women over the period since 2012 till 2015 (р=0.0001)). Over the last 15 years a number of individuals with obesity and overweight has significantly increased: the percentage of men with obesity (over the period since 1998 till 2002 - 0.8% of Shor and 2.4% of non-Shor men had BMI≥30 kg/m2 (р=0.072), as compared to 2012-2015 period - 7.3% of Shor and 27% of non-Shor men had obesity (р=0.00001). Among Shor women the percentage of obese individuals increased significantly at the age of 40-49, 60-69 and over 70 years old. In representatives of male indigenous population the number of obese individuals increased significantly at the age of 40-49 years old, in non-Shor men - at the age of 18-29, and 30-39 years old. Conclusion. Regardless of gender and ethnicity the number of individuals with overweight and obesity increased significantly among the inhabitants of Mountain Shoria, as well as the value of WC/HC index, especial among Shor women.

The metabolic syndrome and visceral obesity have an increasing prevalence and incidence in the generalpopulation. The actual prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is 24% in US population and between 24,6% and 30,9% in Europe. As demonstrated by many clinical trials (NAHANES III, INTERHART) the metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of both diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In addition to cardiovascular disease, individual components of the metabolic syndrome have been linked to the development of cancer, particularly to colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer is an important public health problem; in the year 2000 there was an estimated total of 944717 incident cases of colorectal cancer diagnosed world-wide. This association is sustained by many epidemiological studies. Recent reports suggest that individuals with metabolic syndrome have a higher risk of colon or rectal cancer. Moreover, the clusters of metabolic syndrome components increase the risk of associated cancer. The physiopathological mechanism that links metabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer is mostly related to abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. Population and experimental studies demon trated that hyperinsulinemia, elevated C-peptide, elevated body mass index, high levels of insulin growth factor-1, low levels of insulin growth factor binding protein-3, high leptin levels and low adiponectin levels are all involved in carcinogenesis. Understanding the pathological mechanism that links metabolic syndrome and its components to carcinogenesis has a major clinical significance and may have profound health benefits on a number of diseases including cancer, which represents a major cause of mortality and morbidity in our societies.

This article is devoted to discussion about main aspects of current use of non-statin hypolipidemic drugs according last international guidelines (including fibrates, nicotinic acid, resins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, ezetimibe, PCSK9-inhibitors). For each group mechanism of action, effects on lipid profile, main results of randomized trials and practical use approaches are shortly represented.