Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are currently one of the leading causes of morbidity and disability in the Russian Federation. In addition to lifestyle factors, individual risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes is determined by genetic factors.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the rs2954029 variant of the TRIB1 gene with a number of clinical and biochemical parameters, as well as the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), in the Caucasian population of Western Siberia.

Material and methods. The study included 1,301 participants in the HAPIEE project (57,0±0,2 years; 46.3 % men). Data on new cases of myocardial infarction in the observed cohort were collected based on the Novosibirsk City Registry of Myocardial Infarction. Genotyping of rs2954029 was performed using Real-Time PCR.

Results. The allele frequency in the Caucasian population group of Western Siberia was A = 0.495, T = 0.505 and significantly differs from other European, non-Finnish, populations (p = 0.008). The genotype frequency was AA = 0.24, AT = 0.52, and TT = 0.24. No statistically significant association was found between this variant and lipid profile parameters and MI either in the overall group or in the subgroups of men and women.

Conclusions. In terms of T allele frequency of rs2954029 of the TRIB1 gene, the Caucasian population of Western Siberia occupies an intermediate position between European populations and populations of Central and East Asia. This study revealed no statistically significant association between the rs2954029 variant of the TRIB1 gene and clinical and biochemical parameters, or with the risk of developing myocardial infarction in the Caucasian population of Western Siberia.

Objective – to determine associations between variant nucleotide sequence of rs1799864 (V64I) the CCR2 gene and depression, a risk factor for atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases, among men aged 25–64 in Novosibirsk. Material and methods. This study was conducted in 1994–1995 as part of the WHO MONICA-MOPSY program. A representative sample of men aged 25–64 living in the Oktyabrsky district of Novosibirsk was examined (n = 657 men, mean age 44.3 ± 0.4 years, response rate 82.1 %). The MOPSY depression scale was administered to assess depression. Genotyping of the studied nucleotide sequence variant rs1799864 (V64I) of the CCR2 gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results. The prevalence of depression among men in the population was 29 %, with 3.1 % having high depression and 25.9 % having moderate depression. The most common genotype of the CCR2 gene was GG, occurring in 78.8 % of men in representative sample, the GA genotype in 19 %, and the AA genotype in 2.2 %. The G allele was found in 88.3 % of men, and the A allele in 11.7 %. Among men with depression, the GA (47.6 %) and AA (2.9 %) genotypes of the CCR2 gene were more common than among men without depression (2.4 % and 1.7 %, respectively). In contrast, among men without depression, the homozygous GG genotype of rs1799864 the CCR2 gene was most common, with 95.9 % of men (p < 0.0001). Among men with depression, the A allele (26.8 %) was observed more often than among individuals without depression – 2.9 % (p < 0.0001). Comparative analysis showed that the incidence of depression was higher among carriers of the GA genotype (49.1 %) and GA+AA (50.6 %) than among men of the GG genotype (2.4 %) (all p < 0.0001). Conclusions. We found that the incidence of depression was higher among carriers of the GA genotype of rs1799864 the CCR2 gene (49.1 %) than among carriers of other genotypes.

Aim – to study the incidence of arterial hypertension (HTN) and its risk factors, treatment coverage, its structure and effectiveness in men aged 35–74 years living in rural areas of the Novosibirsk region.

Material and methods. In 2021–2023, a simultaneous examination of men and women assigned to the therapeutic sites of the central district hospitals of the Ordynsky and Kochenevsky districts of the Novosibirsk Region was conducted on the basis of the NIITPM branch of the ICiG SB RAS. A total of 600 people aged 35–74 years were examined. The analysis included all men in the number of 300 people. All the surveyed were divided into 4 age groups: 35–44 years old (n = 33), 45–54 years old (n = 50), 55–64 years old (n = 109), 65–74 years old (n = 108). The median age of the participants was 62.0 years [53.3;67.0]. HTN was verified when systolic blood pressure was at least 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure was at least 90 mmHg. art., as well as in cases of regular use of antihypertensive drugs.

Results. The incidence of HTN among men living in rural areas of the Novosibirsk region was 69.3 %. Men with HTN were 2.8 times more likely to have obesity (p = 0.0001), abdominal obesity was 2 times more common (p = 0.0001), and hyperglycemia was 2.3 times more common (p < 0.005), compared with men without HTN. In addition, men with HTN had 1.1 times higher fasting plasma glucose levels (p = 0.0001), and they were 1.6 times less likely to smoke (p = 0.0001) than men without HTN. The awareness of men about their HTN was 91.8 %. Among men with HTN, 79.8 % took antihypertensive drugs. The structure of antihypertensive therapy consisted of: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors – 41.6 %, angiotensin receptor blockers – 50.6 %, calcium channel blockers – 25.9 %, diuretics – 38.0 %, beta blockers – 26.5 %. Effective control of HTN was achieved in 16.3 % of the surveyed men taking antihypertensive drugs. In men with HTN, treatment ineffectiveness was positively associated with hypercholesterolemia. At the same time, a negative association of treatment ineffectiveness with fasting plasma glucose levels was revealed.

Conclusions. The incidence of HTN among men living in rural areas of the Novosibirsk region has reached quite high values. Obesity, abdominal obesity, and elevated fasting plasma glucose prevailed among the risk factors. Awareness and coverage of treatment were at a high level, while the effective control of HTN were insufficient. It was found that in men with HTN, treatment inefficiency was directly associated with hypercholesterolemia.

The aim – to investigate the associations of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels and atherogenic coefficient (AC) – defined as the ratio of non-HDL-C to HDL-C–with the prevalence and risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a population aged 45–69 years in Novosibirsk.

Material and methods. Using data from the HAPIEE project (2003–2005), we assessed the odds ratio (OR) for prevalent T2DM in a cross-sectional analysis (n = 9.360) and the risk (OR) of incident T2DM in a prospective cohort (n = 3.048) across different non-HDL-C levels. Mean follow-up duration was 14.6 ± 0.7 years. T2DM risk was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis with sequential adjustment for confounders and quartile (Q)-based standardization of lipid parameters.

Results. In the cross-sectional analysis, non-HDL-C ≥ 4.5 mmol/L was associated with an increased odds of prevalent T2DM in the presence of concomitant hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.31; p = 0.001), independently of sex, age, and BMI. In the prospective cohort analysis, each 1 mmol/L increase in non-HDL-C elevated T2DM risk by 25 % in men and 14 % in women; each 1-unit increase in AC raised the risk by 41 % and 28 %, respectively. In quartile comparisons, men with non-HDL-C ≥ 4.5 versus < 3.6 mmol/L had a 1.7-fold higher risk of incident T2DM after adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes, and arterial hypertension, except for waist circumference (WC). Women with nonHDL-C ≥ 5.6 versus < 3.9 mmol/L had a 1.4-fold increased risk after similar adjustments, except for hypertension and WC. For AC, values ≥ 3.2 versus < 2.4 doubled T2DM risk in men, while values ≥ 3.1 versus < 2.4 increased risk 1.6-fold in women. These associations persisted after adjustment for age and conventional risk factors, except for WC.

Conclusions. In the cross-sectional analysis, non-HDL-C levels ≥ 4.5 mmol/L were associated with increased odds of prevalent T2DM in the presence of hypertriglyceridemia ≥ 1.7 mmol/L, independently of sex, age, and BMI. In the prospective analysis, elevated non-HDL-C was associated with higher risk of incident T2DM after multivariable adjustment, with the exception of WC in men and hypertension and WC in women. Similar patterns were observed for the association between AC and T2DM risk after adjustment for the same covariates, except for WC in both sexes.

The aim – to identify associations of serum adipokines and metabolic hormones with metabolic indices in abdominal obesity.

Material and methods. 151 people aged 25–65 years were included in the study. Questionnaires, anthropometry, blood pressure measurements, and fasting venous blood sampling were performed. The parameters of the lipid profile and glucose in the blood were determined using enzymatic methods. Multiplex analysis was used to determine the level of the following adipokines and metabolic hormones in the blood: adiponectin, adipsin, lipocalin-2, plasminogen activator type 1 inhibitor (PAI-1), resistin, amylin, C-peptide, ghrelin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucagon, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), secretin.

Results. An inverse relationship was found between elevated TyG, LAP, and TG/HDL-C indices and serum adiponectin levels, elevated LAP and VAI indices directly depended on serum leptin levels, and an increase in the LAP index ≥ 32 was directly associated with the concentration of serum PAI-1 and C-peptide.

Different fatty acids (FA) have different effects on oxidative stress, insulin resistance, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, which may eventually contribute to the development of hypertension. Aim – to study the levels of unsaturated FA (UFA) in blood plasma in men aged 35-74 years from rural areas of the Novosibirsk region in the presence of hypertension, as well as to analyze the association of UFA with the presence of hypertension.

Material and methods. Rural residents aged 35-74 were examined as part of a single-center observational single-stage epidemiological study in the Novosibirsk region. The study included 300 men with an average age of 60.4 ± 10.6 years. The levels of UFA in blood plasma were determined by gas chromatography with mass-selective detection: omega-3 (alpha-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic); omega-6 (linoleic, gamma-linolenic, digomo-gamma-linolenic, arachidonic, docosatetraenoic, docosapentaenoic); omega-9 (hexadecenoic, oleic acid, mead, selacholic).

Results. A comparative analysis of the studied indicators using the Kruskal-Wallace test revealed statistically significant differences in the content of linoleic acid (p = 0.043) between the subgroups with hypertension of 1, 2 and 3 degrees. These differences are mainly due to the group of patients with grade 3 hypertension. A detailed study revealed a statistically significant increase in gamma-linolenic acid levels by 16 % and 21 % in the subgroups with grade 2 hypertension (p = 0.046) and grade 3 hypertension (p = 0.014), respectively, compared with the control group. A correlation analysis revealed a direct relationship between gamma-linolenic acid and hypertension (r = 0.152; p = 0.008).

Conclusions. The present study found a direct relationship between the level of omega-6 gamma-linolenic acid and the severity of hypertension in men aged 35–74 years from rural areas of Novosibirsk region.

Objective. This review aims to synthesize and analyse available evidence on molecular genetic mechanisms associated with inadequate response (refractoriness) to lipid-lowering therapy, with a particular emphasis on rare, functionally relevant genetic variants contributing to interindividual variability in treatment efficacy and tolerability.

Material and methods. A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed and elibrary.ru, covering publications from 2019 to 2024. The search strategy included the following terms (and related keywords): «refractory to lipid-lowering therapy», «resistance to lipid-lowering therapy», «statin resistance», «intolerance to statins». In total, 68 sources were included in the qualitative synthesis.

Results. The review summarizes reported associations between genetic variation in LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, LDLRAP1, NPC1L1, HMGCR, SLCO1B1, CYP3A4, ABCB1, and LPL and variability in lipid-lowering response and tolerability. Evidence across clinical and mechanistic studies suggests that rare pathogenic variants affecting LDLR-mediated LDL clearance are frequently linked to attenuated LDL-C lowering and reduced likelihood of achieving guideline-recommended LDL-C targets, representing a key factor in the development of refractory hypercholesterolemia even with combination treatment regimens.

Conclusions. The genetic heterogeneity of hypercholesterolemia highlights the need for a personalized approach to diagnosis and selection of lipid-lowering therapy. Further studies should prioritize expanding and clinically validating molecular markers of insufficient response and integrating pharmacogenetic and rare-variant information into routine clinical decision-making.

The article focuses on the outstanding contribution of Jacques Oudot, one of the pioneers of modern vascular surgery. His groundbreaking work in aortic and lower limb arterial reconstruction laid the fundamental principles that surgeons around the world still follow today. This article describes Oudot’s key discoveries and assesses their impact on the development of angiology. We remember Jacques Oudot not only as the author of specific techniques but also as a scientist whose passion for knowledge and courage in experimentation ushered in a new era in the treatment of vascular diseases.