Predictors of atherosclerosis in adolescence (according to long-term population studies in Novosibirsk)

   Hyperlipidemia, arterial hypertension, smoking, overweight and low physical activity are known predictors of atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease (CHD) Early detection and prevention of risk factors for CHD can suspend and slow down the development of cardiovascular diseases in older age.
   The purpose of the study: To study the prevalence and trends of the main risk factors Coronary heart disease among Novosibirsk adolescents in the context of socio-economic reforms in Russia (1989-2003).
   Design and research methods: From 1989 to 2003, four simultaneous population studies of random representative samples of adolescents aged 14-17 years ‐ residents of one of the districts of Novosibirsk were conducted. A total of 2,569 adolescents (1,214 boys and 1355 girls). The examination program included a survey on a standard questionnaire (smoking, physical activity), a 2-fold measurement of blood pressure, anthropometry, analysis of blood serum for total cholesterol (OHC), high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HSLVP and HSLNP).
   Results: According to NCEP‐peds criteria, the frequency of high levels of total cholesterol (≥ 200 mg/dl or ≥ 5.2 mmol/l) in Novosibirsk adolescents for fifteen years decreased in boys from 22 to 8 %, in girls ‐ from 32 to 17% (P < 0.001), similar trends were noted in the prevalence of high levels of LDL cholesterol (≥ 130 mg/dl or ≥ 3.4 mmol/L) and low levels HSLVP (≤ 40 mg/dl or ≤ 1.0 mmol/L). According to the criteria of the 4th report of the Working Group on the Control of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents (2004), the frequency of hypertension in adolescents in the period from 1989 to in 2003 it decreased from 23 to 13 % in boys and from 20 to 7 % in girls (P< 0.001). The prevalence of overweight (IOTF criteria) from 1989 to 1999 decreased in boys in 2.7 times, in girls - 3.2 times, by 2003 its frequency increased again, to a greater extent - among boys.
   The prevalence of regular smoking (at least 1 cigarette per week) among adolescent boys in Novosibirsk for 15 years decreased from 45% in 1989 to 27 % in 2003 (P < 0.05); among girls, on the contrary, the percentage of smokers increased from 19% in 1989 to 27% in 2003 (P< 0.05). The frequency of reduced physical activity among adolescents remained high throughout the entire period (49-55% among boys and 83-73 % among girls).
   Conclusions: The results obtained indicate a change in the levels of classical risk factors for coronary heart disease in adolescents during the period of socio-economic transformations in Russia.

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