Objective: To study the polymorphism TaqIB (rs708272) gene protein cholesterolоl ester transfer (CETP) in women with autoimmune thyroiditis.

   Materials and Methods: We examined 98 women with autoimmune thyroiditis, mean age 55.2 ± 7.8 years, disease duration 8.0 ± 6.4 years, menopause duration 6.4 ± 3.5 years. The average dose of L-thyroxine 84.3 ± 28.5. Control group consisted of 135 women of similar age without thyroid pathology. Polymorphism of TaqIB (rs708272) CETP gene formed by PCR RFLP on published by technique.

   Results:   As a result, it was found that in the group of women with AIT В1В1 and В2В2 genotypes determined in 37.8 % and 21.4 %. Win В1В2 heterozygotes in patients with hypothyroidism compared with the control group was significantly lower: 40.8 % and 54.8 %, p = 0.035. Average levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides were not significantly different in carriers of different genotypes of TaqIB polymorphism (rs708272) CETP gene in the two groups.

   The aim. To explore the frequency of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, signs of subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in men with occupational stress.

   Materials and Methods. 180 men with hypertension I–II were examined. Patient’s group included 95 locomotive drivers and driver assistances, whose profession was classified as stressful and 85 patients with low occupational stress. Mean age in the 1st group was 46.1 ± 8.3 years, in the 2nd group – 47.7 ± 8.5 years. The diagnostic program included evaluated cardiometabolic risk factors evaluation, measurement of ankle-brachial index, the thickness of the intima-media of brachiocephalic vessels. Endothelial function was assessed by reactive hyperemia test. High incidence of abdominal obesity, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, as well as functional signs of atherosclerosis in individuals stressful profession with hypertension was revealed. Most patients in both groups had a low 10-year risk and were comparable in coronary prognosis. It is shown that in patients with hypertension and occupational stress endothelial dysfunction was identified more often by 17 % compared with low-stress profession. In these patients, in most cases (82 %) the signs of atherosclerosis were also found.

   Study objective. Investigate the association of polymorphisms E2/E3/E4 gene APOE, rs1800588 gene HL, rs2228314 gene SREBP2, rs2516839 gene USF1 with sudden cardiac death in the Russian population.

   Materials and methods. A group of sudden cardiac death (n = 379), the control group, matched by sex and age (n = 352).

   Results and discussion. The frequencies of genotypes E2/E3/E4 gene APOE, rs1800588 gene HL, rs2516839 gene USF1 was not found statistically significant differences between the groups. The frequencies of genotypes rs2228314 gene SREBP2 found statistically significant differences between the group of sudden cardiac death and the control group. GC genotype is conditionally protective against the development of sudden cardiac death (OR = 0.4, 95 % CI 0.3–0.6, p = 0.0). CC genotype is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death in men (OR = 4.1, 95 %CI 1.8–9.0, p = 0.0).

   Conclusion. rs2228314 gene SREBP2 is associated with sudden cardiac death in the Russian population.

   We investigated the electrical and viscoelastic parameters of red blood cells, optical parameters of blood serum in patients with hypertension of I and II degree. We marked the increase of variations in the optical characteristics of blood components with an increase in the degree of hypertension. We identified the correlations of erythrocytes parameters with biochemical indicators reflecting hyperlipidemia, microalbuminuria and the presence of inflammation. It was noted that the velocity of red blood cells to the electrodes, the dipolemoment can be the markers of initial stages of endothelial dysfunction. It was suggested that the decrease of deformability, surface charge of red blood cells are the important pathogenetic factors in the progression of hypertension, therefore, requires additional emphasis in the treatment of this disease. The identified relationships between the optical parameters of erythrocytes and serum indicators confirm the interaction between their components, and require complex treatment of hypertension.

   Objective: To study an association of CVD risk factors (smoking, hypertension, obesity) аnd аirflow obstruction (АO).

   Materials and methods. In frames of the population-based cross-sectional study (project HAPIEE, total sample 9360 persons aged 45–69) spirometry parameters were investigated in subsample 6875 persons (73,5 %). Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁), forced vital capacity (FVC) were fixed. Ао was registred at FEV1/FVC < 70 % and (or) FEV₁ < 80 %. Two variants АO allocated for analysis: 1) АO (FEV₁ / FVC < 70 % FEV₁ ≥ 80 % and FEV₁ < 80 %) – typical for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – АO (COPD), 2) АO (FEV₁ < 80 %; FEV₁ / FVC ≥ 70 %) typical for asthma – АO (asthma). Number of smoking pack years (PY) was calculated using the formula: (number of cigarettes smoked per day × number of years smoked) / 20 (1 pack has 20 cigarettes). All respondents divided to 3 groups depending on the PY: 1 – < 10 p / y, 2 – 10–24 p / y, 3 – ≥ 25 p / y. Hypertension registered if systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mm. Hg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mm. Hg. Overweight and obesity determined by BMI WHO criteria.

   Results. Significant negative correlation was determined between PY and FEV1 in men and women (p < 0.01), between PY and FEV₁/FVC in males (p < 0.01) and in women (p < 0.05); between SBP, DBP and FEV1 in men and in women (p < 0.01), SBP and FEV₁ / FVC in women (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was determined between BMI and FEV₁ / FVC in women and in
men (p < 0.001), negative – between BMI and FEV₁ in women (p < 0.01). When using the binary logistic regression (independent variables: age, sex, BMI, PY, SBP, DBP) increased relative risk (RR) of AO (COPD) found in males in 2.1 times PY 10–24 p / y, 3.8 times at PY ≥ 25 p/y. Increased RR of AO (COPD) was found in women-smokers in 3 times compared to the never smokers. Increased RR of АO (asthma) was detected in men 1.9 times with obesity and increased 2 times with PY 10–24 p / y versus never smokers. RR of АO (asthma) in women increased 2.1 times with PY 10–24 p / y, 4 times with PY ≥ 25 p / y. Influence of blood pressure on the risk of both variants of АO had not revealed.

   Conclusions. Higher prevalence of coronary heart disease among patients with AO compared with the general population, most likely due to the presence of associations of cardiovascular risk factors and АO.

   The average content of LDL cholesterol obtained 138.8 ± 39.3 mg/dl, in natives, but non-natives have obtained similar values: 137.7 ± 38.5 and 140.8 ± 40.0 (Р_n-nn = 0.56) in the general population sample of olders (n = 485 pers.). Average values of LDL cholesterol content in group without metabolic syndrome (MS–) obtained 126.1 ± 42.1 mg/dl, in MS (+) group – 150.7 ± 32.4 mg/dl (р = 0.0001) by RSSC 2009. Determine the frequency of elevated levels of LDL cholesterol (≥ 115 mg/dl) is 72.4 % in the general population, without significant difference between natives and non-natives. In MS (+) and MS (–) groups, the results of the frequency of hyper-LDL cholesterol obtained close in five definitions of MS. The differences in figures are not large and statistically significant (p > 0.1). And in only one case (by RSSC analysis) differences in the values of hyper-LDL between MS (+) and MS (–) groups received significant. Conclusion: High level of LDL cholesterol in all MS definitions has no significant differences in the frequency in MS (+) and MS (–) groups of elderly urban population of Yakutia, and also in comparison with population values of hyper-LDL. It allows to recognize that there is no reason to recommend in medical practice the use of the criterion LDL cholesterol in MS diagnosis.

   The review reflects the role as a «classic» risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) in women: obesity, age, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, menopause, smoking, dyslipidemia and «new», also noteworthy clinicians and require further study in gender perspective to determine their role in the genesis of the «female» CHD, including socio-psychological status of patients, changes in the level of sex steroids: estrogen and testosterone.

   Caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations of the majority of differentiated cells. They are especially abundant in endothelial cells, adipocytes, muscle cells, and fibroblasts. Caveolae membrane is enriched in cholesterol, sphingolipids, and their principal structural protein component caveolins (1, 2, and 3). In numerous studies caveolae and caveolins important role in a variety of cellular functions including endocytic processes, lipid homeostasis, signal transduction, and tumor suppression was demonstrated. Generation of caveolindeficient mice allowed to analyze functions of caveolae and caveolins with respect to human physiology. In the recent years evidences of caveolins implicating in the pathogenesis of human diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes type 2, cancer, muscular dystrophies are accumulated. In a review the role of caveolae and caveolins in health and disease is described.