Stereotypes of eating behavior and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in residents of a large industrial region of Siberia

Purpose of the study was to identify the main stereotypes of eating behavior among residents of a large industrial region of Siberia and to assess their relationship with the main factors of cardiovascular risk.

Material and methods. It included 1600 people aged 35–70, permanently residing in the Kemerovo region. The sample is mainly represented by females (1124 people, men – 476 people), the average age was 54.9 ± 9.75 years and 52.6 ± 10.0 years, respectively, p < 0.001. Taking into account the differences in age between men and women, to identify gender and age characteristics, the entire sample was divided into age groups: 35-49 years old, 50-59 years old, 60-70 years old. To identify latent factors (stereotypes of eating behavior), factor analysis (principal component analysis) was used. Three stereotypes of eating behavior were identified: «fruit and vegetable», «proteincarbohydrate » and «mixed».

Results. Most of the examined persons aged 35–49 adhered to the protein-carbohydrate stereotype of nutrition (40.3 % versus 25.3 % and 34.4 % of persons who adhered to the fruit-vegetable and mixed, respectively, p < 0.001). In other age groups, no statistically significant differences were found. Thus, among respondents aged 50–59, 34.0 % preferred fruit and vegetable, 33.8 % – protein-carbohydrate, 32.0 % – mixed. Among people 60–70 years old – 36.6 %, 30.4 %, 33.0 %, respectively. Adherence to a fruit and vegetable diet was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (OR = 1.27, CI: 1.2–2.2, p = 0.046) and obesity (OR = 1.57, CI: 1.27– 1.96, p < 0.001), and adherence to protein-carbohydrate – with a decrease in the risk of detecting obesity (OR = 0.75, CI: 0.6–0.95, p = 0.015), DM (OR = 0.66, CI: 0.47–0.93, p =  0.018), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 0.78, CI: 0.62–0.98, p = 0.032) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 0.66, CI: 0, 52–0.83, p < 0.001).

Conclusion. Among the inhabitants of a large industrial region of Siberia, it was possible to distinguish three stereotypes of nutrition: fruit-vegetable, protein-carbohydrate and mixed. Among the supporters of the mixed and protein-carbohydrate stereotype aged 35–49, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and high LDL levels were more often diagnosed in men than in women of the corresponding group. Also,  hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes were more often detected in young men adhering to a fruit and vegetable stereotype of nutrition, in contrast to women in a similar group. Adherence to a fruit-vegetable dietary stereotype was associated with an increased risk of diabetes and obesity, and adherence to protein-carbohydrate – with a decrease in the risk of obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. 

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