Cardiovascular effects of metformin: focus on adipose tissue metabolism
https://doi.org/10.52727/2078-256X-2022-18-3-236-246
Abstract
This review is devoted to the analysis of data on the study of the possible effect of metformin on the endocrine function of adipose tissue: the synthesis and secretion of adipocyte hormones – adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin) and the gastrointestinal system (ghrelin). metformin is a biguanide class of hypoglycemic drugs used as a first-line therapy for the correction of carbohydrate metabolism. Currently, there has been a significant increase in interest in the pleiotropic cardioprotective and antiatherogenic properties of metformin. The molecular mechanisms of action of metformin on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue are shown in the example of isolated adipocytes (in vitro) and in a living organism (in vivo). The key enzyme regulation in metformin action is с-AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK). Activation of this enzyme blocks fatty acid synthesis, activates lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation; inhibits glucose production in the liver, reducing the expression of AMP-stimulated genes of enzymes of gluconeogenesis, increases insulin sensitivity, which ultimately contributes to the reduction of glucose. However, the dose-dependent effects of metformin are not well understood, there is no data on the long-term effects of the drug on the metabolism of adipose tissue, which requires careful attention to the study of this issue. Overall, metformin seems to be a promising drug to combat hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus type 2 and obesity, and for the prevention of cardiovascular risks associated with these diseases.
Supporting agencies: Done within the framework of the fundamental theme of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Cardiovascular Diseases No. 0419-2022-0002 “Development of innovative models for managing the risk of developing diseases of the circulatory system, taking into account comorbidity based on the study of fundamental, clinical, epidemiological mechanisms and organizational technologies of medical care in an industrial region of Siberia”
About the Authors
O. V. Gruzdeva
Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Olga V. Gruzdeva - doctor of medical sciences, professor, head of the laboratory for homeostasis research.
6, Sosnovy Blvd, Kemerovo, 65000
E. E. Bychkova
Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Evgeniya Е. Bychkova - research assistant, laboratory for homeostasis research.
6, Sosnovy Blvd, Kemerovo, 650002
J. A. Dyleva
Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Julia A. Dyleva - candidate of medical sciences, senior researcher, laboratory for homeostasis research.
6, Sosnovy Blvd, Kemerovo, 650002
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Gruzdeva O.V., Bychkova E.E., Dyleva J.A. Cardiovascular effects of metformin: focus on adipose tissue metabolism. Ateroscleroz. 2022;18(3):236-246. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.52727/2078-256X-2022-18-3-236-246
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