Receptors and proteins binding high density lipoproteins

Interest in the study of high density lipoproteins (HDL) is associated with the functional activity of these particles, which, first of all, determines their antiatherogenic properties. The main biological role of HDL is the «reverse» transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. However, it must be borne in mind that the mechanism of antiatherogenic action of HDL is not limited only to the «reverse» transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver, it is determined by many other factors, each of which is important not only in the context of protecting the body from atherosclerosis, but also in the protective role HDL in a wider aspect. It turned out that HDL has an important antiinflammatory effect, have antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, regulate vascular tone and anticoagulant activity, and act as antimicrobial and antiviral agents. According to modern concepts, in connection with the development of proteomics, data have appeared that indicate the participation in these processes of the protein components of the plasma membrane of cells and specific receptor proteins embedded in it. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing body of knowledge about events and molecules related to the regulation of HDL metabolism with the participation of the scavenger receptor (SR-BI), ATP-linked cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1, ecto-F1-ATPase, and cubiline-megaline receptor.

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