Nutrition and overweight in adolescents in the context of early prevention of atherosclerosis

Objective of the study was assessment of nutrition of adolescents in Novosibirsk as a whole and in groups with normal weight and overweight.

Material and methods. In April–May 2019, a crosssectional population survey was conducted on a random representative sample of schoolchildren aged 14–18 years of both sexes, 612 people were examined: 249 boys (40.9 %), 360 girls (59.1 %). Diet recall was taken in 537 persons. The survey program included a standard questionnaire, anthropometry, examination of blood lipids, and an assessment of diet using 24-hour dietary recall (537 persons).

Results. Disturbances in the structure of nutrition were revealed both in the studied sample of adolescents in general, and in the group of boys and girls with overweight and obesity. Quotas of fat energy in general, saturated fatty acids, easily digestible sugars exceed recommended levels. The fiber content was below the recommended level by more than 2 times. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Novosibirsk was 21.1 % in boys and 14.4 % in girls. According to the main indicators of the nutritional value of the diet, differences between groups of adolescents of both sexes with underweight, normal, overweight and obesity have not been established.

Conclusions. The results show that both adolescents with overweight and obesity, as well as with normal indicators of physical development, need to optimize nutrition.

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