Роль полисахаридных полимеров в регуляции ангиогенеза и атерогенного воспаления в сосудистой стенке. Обзор литературы. Часть 2

Цель исследования. Определить терапевтические возможности локальной активации ангиогенеза и деградации атерогенного воспаления при реконструкции слоев артериальной стенки в условиях широкой имплантации полисахаридных полимеров в пара-адвентициальную зону. Концепция аналитического обзора строится на гипотезе улучшения баланса между провоспалительными и атеропротекторными цитокиновыми факторами роста при использовании биополимеров. Материал и методы. Анализ литературы указывает на активное прямое вмешательство в реконструкцию адвентициального слоя артериальной стенки с использованием гидрогелей полисахаридного ряда с высоким сродством к холестерину, создаются условия для формирования дополнительного внеклеточного матрикса за пределами интимальной и средней зон магистральной артерии и реверсирования холестериновой массы из интимальной зоны в околоадвентициальное пространство. Создание продуктивного воспаления в зоне адвентиции с помощью биополимеров может быть одним из эффективных способов деградации ранних мягких атерогенных бляшек. Публикации указывают на возможность извлечения мягких атерогенных бляшек из интимального пространства магистральных артерий путем широкой имплантации в фасциальный футляр сосудов полисахаридных гидрогелей с образованием внеклеточного матрикса второго уровня. Анализ литературных источников согласно концепции проводился с использованием баз данных, индексируемых WoS, Scopus, PubMed, DOAJ, Embase, Ei Compendex преимущественно за последние 10 лет. Результаты. Литературный обзор позволяет составить современное представление о молекулярных процессах, протекающих в стенке сосуда при развитии атерогенного воспаления в эксперименте на животных, получавших холестериновую диету, указать признаки реконструкции сосудистой стенки при экзогенной имплантации биополимеров. Заключение. В сосудистой стенке существует сопряжение цитокиновых факторов роста с природными или синтетическими биоматериалами. Иммобилизованные факторы будут доступны для клеток, которые вступают в контакт с матрицей, обеспечивая высоколокализованный сигнал для контроля судьбы клеток. Инъекционные каркасы являются многообещающим подходом для стимулирования ангиогенеза. Клеточная миграция из интимы и медии может быть активирована благодаря электростатическому градиенту в присутствии сульфатированного полимера и приводить к образованию аффинных комплексов с холестерином. Высокая аффинность полисахаридных полимеров к холестерину и ЛПНП, активная васкуляризация дополнительного экстраклеточного матрикса провоцируют градиент трансляции холестерина в сторону гидрогелевой «рубашки». Эффект оттока холестерина может обеспечить новый терапевтический подход к патологии магистральных сосудов.

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