Atherogenic lipid disorders among adolescents
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a known risk factor of coronary artery disease. The reduction of elevated serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in childhood may reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Aim of the study was to assess prevalence and trends in lipid profile and lipid disorders of adolescent population in Novosibirsk (1989-2003). Methods: Four cross-sectional surveys of school children aged 14-17 in 1989 (656), in 1994 (620), in 1999 (626) and in 2003 (667) were carried out. Total sample was 2569 (1214 males and 1355 females). Blood total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), were measured by enzymatic methods. LDL-C was calculated with Friedwald’s formula. Associations of blood lipids with age, sex, year of study, body mass index (kg/m 2 ), blood pressure and main nutrients of diet were measured by GLM method. Prevalence of dyslipidemia was evaluated with NCEP-peds criteria. Diet was estimated using 24-hour dietary recall. Results. During the 15-year period (1989-2003) mean serum TC decreased from 175 to 162 mg/dl in males and from 191 to 175 mg/dl in females (P < 0,001). Average levels of LDL-C also have fallen significantly during the period, but no changes in HDL-C levels were found. Females had significantly higher mean TC and LDL-C than did males at all surveys (P < 0,001). According to NCEP-peds criteria, prevalence of high TC (200 mg/dl and more) during the period (1989–2003) significantly decreased from 22% to 8 % (P < 0,01) in males and from 32 % to 17 % (P < 0,05) in females. Frequencies of low HDL-C (< 40 mg/dl) also decreased in boys and girls (P < 0,05 for both gender groups). Significant regression coefficients for TC controlled by age, sex and year of study were revealed with body mass index, diastolic blood pressure and triceps skinfolds. Trends in diet during the period showed significant decreasing of total energy and basic nutrient intakes (proteins, fats and carbohydrates). Conclusion. During the period of socioeconomic reforms in Russia (1989–2003) the lipid profile and prevalence of atherogenic dislipidemias in adolescents of Novosibirsk significantly changed following by changes of body mass index and diet.
About the Authors
D. V. Denissova
RAMS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
SB RAMS
Institute of Internal Medicine
Novosibirsk
L. G. Zavjalova
RAMS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
SB RAMS
Institute of Internal Medicine
Novosibirsk
References
1. McGill Jr. H. C., McMahan C. A., Herderick E. E. et al. Origin of atherosclerosis in childhood and adolescence // Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000. V. 72 (suppl). P. S 1307- S 1315.
2. Клиорин А. И. Атеросклероз в детском возрасте / А. И. Клиорин. – Л.: Медицина, 1981. – 192 с.
3. Berenson G. S., Wattigney W. A., Bao W. et al. Rationale to study the early natural history of heart disease: the Bogalusa Heart Study // The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. – 1995. V. 310, Suppl. 1. P. S 22–S 28.
4. Friedwald D. S., Levy R. J., Fredrickson D. S. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of the preparative centrifuge // Clin. Chem. 1972. V. 18. P. 499–502.
5. National Cholesterol Educational Program. Report of the expert panel on blood cholesterol levels in children and adolescents // Pediatrics. 1992. V. 89 (Suppl). P. 525–584.
6. Oganov R., Tubol I., Denisova D. et al. Epidemiological characteristics of lipid disorders and some other cardiovascular risk factors among schoolchildren in different geographical zones of the USSR // Cor et Vasa. – 1988. V. 30, – N 4. P. 248–256.
7. Hickman T. B., Briefel R. R., Carroll M. D. et al. Distributions and trends of serum lipid levels among United States children and adolescents aged 4-19 years: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) // Prev. Med. – 1998. – V. 27, N 6. P. 879–890.
8. Martinez Vizcaino V., Munoz L., Aguilar S., et al. Changes in plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins in students from 1992-1996: Cuenca Study // Med. Clin. (Barc). 1999. V. 113, № 19. P. 736–740.
9. Current state of and recent trends in serum lipid levels in the general Japanese population. Research Committee on Serum Lipid Level Survey 1990 in Japan // J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 1996. V.2, - № 2. P. 122–132.
10. Иоффина О. Б. Роль и значение табакокурения в заболеваемости и смертности от болезней системы кровообращения в современной России. Обзор / О. Б. Иоффина, В. И. Харченко, А. С. Акопян // Тер. Архив. – 1999. – № 1. – C. 69–73.
11. Bondia P. Distribution of lipidic values in teenagers that smoke // An.Esp.Pediatr. 1997. V. 46, N 3. P. 245–251.
12. Нормы физиологических потребностей в пищевых веществах и энергии для различных групп населения СССР. – М., 1991.
13. Мартинчик А. Н. Мониторинг потребления пищи и состояния питания детей-школьников Москвы в 1992–1994 гг. / А. Н. Мартинчик [и др.] // Вопросы питания. – 1997. – № 1. – С. 3–9.
14. Батурин А. К. Питание в бедных семьях: взрослое трудоспособное население / А. К. Батурин [и др.] // Вопросы питания. – 2002. – № 2. – C. 3–7.
15. Kelishadi R., Pour M. H., Zadegan N. S. et al. Dietary fat intake and lipid profiles of Iranian adolescents: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program – Heart Health Promotion from Childhood // Preventive Medicine, 2004. V. 39. P. 760–766.
Review
For citations:
Denissova D.V., Zavjalova L.G. Atherogenic lipid disorders among adolescents. Ateroscleroz. 2006;2(1):27-32. (In Russ.)
Views:
364
Email this article 