Рецепторы и белки, связывающие липопротеины высокой плотности

Интерес к изучению липопротеинов высокой плотности (ЛПВП) связан с их функциональной активностью, которая, в первую очередь, определяет антиатерогенные свойства этих частиц. Основная биологическая роль ЛПВП заключается в «обратном» транспорте холестерина из периферических тканей в печень, однако этим не ограничивается механизм антиатерогенного действия ЛПВП, он определяется многими другими факторами, каждый из которых имеет значение не только в контексте защиты организма от атеросклероза, но и в протективной роли ЛПВП в более широком аспекте. Оказалось, что ЛПВП оказывают важное противовоспалительное действие, обладают антиоксидантными и антиапоптотическими свойствами, регулируют сосудистый тонус и антикоагулянтную активность, действуют как антимикробные и противовирусные агенты. Согласно современным представлениям, в связи с развитием протеомики появились данные, указывающие на участие в этих процессах белковых компонентов плазматической мембраны клеток и встроенных в нее специфических белков-рецепторов. Цель настоящего обзора – обобщить имеющуюся совокупность знаний о событиях и молекулах, связанных с регуляцией метаболизма ЛПВП при участии «рецептора-мусорщика» (SR-BI), АТФ-связанных кассетных транспортеров ABCА1 и АВСG1, экто-F1-АТФазы, рецепторов кубилин и мегалин.

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