<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ateroskleroz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Атеросклероз</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ateroscleroz</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-256X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-3633</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИИТПМ-филиал ИЦиГ СО РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52727/2078-256X-2023-19-2-115-125</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ateroskleroz-905</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ассоциации С-пептида с кардиометаболическими показателями у женщин 25–44 лет с разными метаболическими фенотипами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Associations of C-peptide with cardiometabolic parameters in women aged 25–44 years with different metabolic phenotypes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4716-876X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафина</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mustafina</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Владимировна Мустафина, д-р мед. наук</p><p>630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Mustafina, doctor of medical sciences</p><p>175/1, Boris Bogatkov str., Novosibirsk, 630089</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlana3548@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1645-5523</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алфёрова</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alferova</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Влада Игоревна Алфёрова, аспирант</p><p>630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vlada I. Alferova, MD, postgraduate student</p><p>175/1, Boris Bogatkov str., Novosibirsk, 630089</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lady.alfyorova2009@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9270-9188</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лилия Валерьевна Щербакова</p><p>630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liliya V. Shcherbakova, MD</p><p>175/1, Boris Bogatkov str., Novosibirsk, 630089</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">9584792@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2268-4186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каштанова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashtanova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Владимировна Каштанова, д-р мед. наук</p><p>630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Kashtanova, doctor of medical sciences</p><p>175/1, Boris Bogatkov str., Novosibirsk, 630089</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elekastanova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2470-2133</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисова</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisova</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Диана Вахтанговна Денисова, д-р мед. наук</p><p>630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana V. Denisova, doctor of medical sciences</p><p>175/1, Boris Bogatkov str., Novosibirsk, 630089</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denisovadiana@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institutе of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>115</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мустафина С.В., Алфёрова В.И., Щербакова Л.В., Каштанова Е.В., Денисова Д.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мустафина С.В., Алфёрова В.И., Щербакова Л.В., Каштанова Е.В., Денисова Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mustafina S.V., Alferova V.I., Shcherbakova L.V., Kashtanova E.V., Denisova D.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ateroskleroz.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/905">https://ateroskleroz.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/905</self-uri><abstract><p>Развитие атеросклеротических заболеваний патогенетически связано с нарастанием инсулинрезистентности, косвенным маркером которой является С-пептид. Кроме того, данные литературы свидетельствуют о собственных проатерогенных эффектах С-пептида. В последние годы все большее распространение получает концепция выделения метаболически здорового (МЗФ) и нездорового фенотипа (МНЗФ) при разной массе тела. Считается, что их ключевое различие заключается в более выраженной при МНЗФ инсулинрезистентности, однако нет четких данных об ассоциации С-пептида с МЗФ или МНЗФ. Цель исследования – изучить ассоциации уровня С-пептида с разными метаболическими фенотипами у женщин 25–44 лет. Материал и методы. Исследование проведено на основе репрезентативной выборки лиц в возрасте 25–44 лет (n = 1513, из них 840 женщин). В анализ вошли показатели 655 женщин. Определение МЗФ и МНЗФ проведено с использованием критериев IDF, 2005 для диагностики метаболического синдрома. В группах, разделенных по величине индекса массы тела (ИМТ), выполнены антропометрические измерения, биохимическое и гормональное исследование крови. Уровень С-пептида определяли методом мультиплексного анализа. Результаты. Содержание С-пептида в обследуемой выборке составило 0,9 [0,5; 1,3] нг/мл (Me [Q1; Q3]), при МЗФ – 0,8 [0,5; 1,1] нг/мл, при МНЗФ – 1,3 [0,7; 1,8] нг/мл, р &lt; 0,0001. При повышении ИМТ концентрация С-пептида возрастала как при МЗФ (с 0,8 [0,4; 1,1] до 1,2 [0,8; 1,7] нг/мл, ртренда &lt; 0,0001), так и при МНЗФ (с 0,8 [0,2; 1,2] до 1,5 [0,9; 2,1] нг/мл, ртренда = 0,006). Частота МНЗФ в 4-м квартиле С-пептида в 2,7 раза выше, чем в 1-м квартиле (р &lt; 0,0001), а частота МЗФ – в 1,6 раза ниже (р = 0,001). Содержание С-пептида коррелировало с антропометрическими показателями, концентрацией глюкозы, липидов, активностью трансаминаз, фильтрационной способностью почек. Уровень С-пептида более 1,33 у молодых женщин свидетельствует о высокой вероятности наличия МНЗФ при максимальной чувствительности и специфичности (Se = 49,3 %, Sp = 85,9 %). Заключение. У женщин с МНЗФ содержание С-пептида на 38,5 % больше, чем при МЗФ. Частота МНЗФ в 4-м квартиле С-пептида в 3,2 раза выше, чем в 1-м квартиле. Уровень С-пептида более 1,33 нг/мл ассоциирован с наличием МНЗФ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The development of atherosclerotic diseases is pathogenetically associated with an increase in insulin resistance, an indirect marker of which is the C-peptide. In addition, literature data indicate the intrinsic proatherogenic effects of C-peptide. In recent years, the concept of separating metabolically healthy (MHP) and unhealthy phenotype (MUHP) at different body weights has become increasingly widespread. It believed that the key difference between MHP and MUHP is the more pronounced insulin resistance in the latter, but there are no clear data on the association of C-peptide with MHP or MUHP. Aim of the study was to investigate the association of C-peptide level with different metabolic phenotypes in women aged 25–44 years. Material and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of a representative sample of women aged 25–44 years (n = 1513, of which 840 women). The analysis included indicators of 655 women. The definition of MHP and MUHP carried out using the IDF criteria, 2005 for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical and hormonal blood tests have been carried out in groups divided by the body mass index (BMI). The level of C-peptide was determined by the method of multiplex analysis. Results. C-peptide content in the examined sample was 0.9 [0.5; 1.3] ng/ml (Me [Q1; Q3]), with MHP – 0.8 [0.5; 1.1] ng/ml, with MUHP – 1.3 [0.7; 1.8] ng/ml, p &lt; 0.0001. With an increase in BMI, the median of C-peptide increased both in MHP (from 0.8 [0.4; 1.1] to 1.2 [0.8; 1.7] ng/mL, ptrend &lt; 0.0001) and with MUHP (from 0.8 [0.2; 1.2] to 1.5 [0.9; 2.1] ng/mL, ptrend = 0.006). The frequency of MUHP in the 4th quartile of the C-peptide is 2.7 times higher than in the 1st quartile (p &lt; 0.0001), and the frequency of MHP – 1.6 times lower (p = 0.001). C-peptide content correlated with anthropometric parameters, glucose, lipid concentration, transaminase activity, kidney filtration capacity. A C-peptide level of more than 1.33 in young women indicates a high probability of having MUHP with maximum sensitivity and specificity (Se = 49.3 %, Sp = 85.9 %). Conclusions. In women with MUHP, C-peptide content is 38.5 % higher than in women with MHP. The frequency of MUHP in the 4th quartile of the C-peptide is 3.2 times higher than in the 1st quartile. The level of C-peptide above 1.33 ng/ml is associated with the presence of MUHP.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>С-пептид</kwd><kwd>инсулинрезистентность</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>молодые женщины</kwd><kwd>метаболические фенотипы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>C-peptide</kwd><kwd>insulin resistance</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>young women</kwd><kwd>metabolic phenotypes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа проведена в рамках бюджетной темы, рег. № 122031700094-5 «Эпидемиологический мониторинг состояния здоровья населения и изучение молекулярно-генетических и молекулярно-биологических механизмов развития распространенных терапевтических заболеваний в Сибири для совершенствования подходов к их диагностике, профилактике и лечению».</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work carried out within the framework of the budgetary theme of research work Reg. № 122031700094-5 «Epidemiological monitoring of the health status of the population and the study of genetic and molecular biological mechanisms for the development of common therapeutic diseases in Siberia to improve approaches to their diagnosis, prevention and treatment».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee S.H., Park S.Y., Choi C.S. Insulin Resistance: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies. Diabetes Metab. J., 2022; 46 (1): 15–37. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0280</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee S.H., Park S.Y., Choi C.S. Insulin Resistance: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies. Diabetes Metab. J., 2022; 46 (1): 15–37. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0280</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vejrazkova D., Vankova M., Lukasova P., Vcelak J., Bendlova B. Insights into the physiology of C-peptide. Physiol. Res., 2020; 69 (2): 237–243. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.934519</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vejrazkova D., Vankova M., Lukasova P., Vcelak J., Bendlova B. Insights into the physiology of C-peptide. Physiol. Res., 2020; 69 (2): 237–243. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.934519</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wahren J. C-peptide and the pathophysiology of microvascular complications of diabetes. J. Intern. Med., 2017; 281 (1): 3–6. doi: 10.1111/joim.12541</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wahren J. C-peptide and the pathophysiology of microvascular complications of diabetes. J. Intern. Med., 2017; 281 (1): 3–6. doi: 10.1111/joim.12541</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hills C.E., Brunskill N.J. Intracellular signalling by C-peptide. Exp. Diabetes Res., 2008; 2008: 635158. doi: 10.1155/2008/635158</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hills C.E., Brunskill N.J. Intracellular signalling by C-peptide. Exp. Diabetes Res., 2008; 2008: 635158. doi: 10.1155/2008/635158</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harnishsingh B., Rama B. Is C-peptide a predictor of severity of coronary artery disease in metabolic syndrome? An observational study. Indian Heart J., 2018; 70 (3): 105–109. doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.07.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harnishsingh B., Rama B. Is C-peptide a predictor of severity of coronary artery disease in metabolic syndrome? An observational study. Indian Heart J., 2018; 70 (3): 105–109. doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.07.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alves M.T., Ortiz M.M.O., Dos Reis G.V.O.P., Dusse L.M.S., Carvalho M.D.G., Fernandes A.P., Gomes K.B. The dual effect of C-peptide on cellular activation and atherosclerosis: Protective or not? Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev., 2019; 35 (1): e3071. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3071</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alves M.T., Ortiz M.M.O., Dos Reis G.V.O.P., Dusse L.M.S., Carvalho M.D.G., Fernandes A.P., Gomes K.B. The dual effect of C-peptide on cellular activation and atherosclerosis: Protective or not? Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev., 2019; 35 (1): e3071. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3071</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мустафина С.В., Винтер Д.А., Рымар О.Д., Щербакова Л.В., Гафаров В.В., Панов Д.О., Громова Е.А., Гафарова А.В., Веревкин Е.Г., Никитенко Т.И., Bobak M., Малютина С.К. Фенотипы ожирения и риск развития инфаркта миокарда по данным проспективного когортного исследования. Рос. кардиол. журн., 2019; (6): 109–114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mustafina S.V., Vinter D.A., Rymar O.D., Scherbakova L.V., Gafarov V.V., Panov D.O., Gromova E.A., Gafarova A.V., Verevkin E.G., Nikitenko T.I., Bobak M., Malyutina S.K. Obesity phenotypes and the risk of myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort study. Rus. J. Cardiol., 2019; (6): 109–114. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2019-6-109-114]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козупеева Д.А., Мустафина С.В. Метаболически здоровое ожирение и атеросклероз-ассоциированные заболевания. Атеросклероз, 2016; 12 (2): 42–47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozupeeva D.A., Mustafina S.V. Metabolically healthy obesity and atherosclerosis related diseases (scientific review). Ateroscleroz, 2016; 12 (2): 42–47. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Phillips C.M. Metabolically healthy obesity across the life course: epidemiology, determinants, and implications. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 2017; 1391 (1): 85–100. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13230</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Phillips C.M. Metabolically healthy obesity across the life course: epidemiology, determinants, and implications. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 2017; 1391 (1): 85–100. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13230</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бородкина Д.А., Груздева О.В., Квиткова Л.В., Барбараш О.Л. Можно ли назвать висцеральное ожирение ключевым фактором парадокса ожирения? Пробл. эндокринологии, 2016; 62 (6): 33–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borodkina D.A., Gruzdeva O.V., Kvitkova L.V., Barbarash O.L. Is visceral obesity the cause of obesity paradox? Problems of Endocrinology. 2016; 62 (6): 33–39. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14341/probl201662633-39</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цыганкова О.В., Николаев К.Ю., Федорова Е.Л., Бондарева З.Г., Рагино Ю.И., Платонов Д.Ю., Пустоветова М.Г. Факторы риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Взгляд на женщину. Атеросклероз, 2014; 10 (1): 44–55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsygankova O.V., Nikolaev K.Yu., Fedorova E.L., Bondareva Z.G., Ragino Yu.I., Platonov D.Yu., Pustovetova M.G. Risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. look at the woman. Ateroscleroz, 2014; 10 (1): 44–55. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levin A., Stevens P.E. Summary of KDIGO 2012 CKD Guideline: Behind the scenes, need for guidance and a framework for moving forward. Kidney Int., 2014; 85: 49–61. doi: 10.1038/ki.2013.444</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levin A., Stevens P.E. Summary of KDIGO 2012 CKD Guideline: Behind the scenes, need for guidance and a framework for moving forward. Kidney Int., 2014; 85: 49–61. doi: 10.1038/ki.2013.444</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alberti K.G., Zimmet P., Shaw J. Metabolic syndrome – a new world-wide definition. A Consensus Statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabet Med., 2006; 23 (5): 469–480. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alberti K.G., Zimmet P., Shaw J. Metabolic syndrome – a new world-wide definition. A Consensus Statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabet Med., 2006; 23 (5): 469–480. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hjelmgren O., Gummesson A., Bergström G., Schmidt C. Beta-Cell Function, Self-rated Health, and Lifestyle Habits in 64-Year-Old Swedish Women with Metabolically Healthy Obesity Phenotype. J. Obes Metab. Syndr., 2020; 29 (1): 39–46. doi: 10.7570/jomes19078</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hjelmgren O., Gummesson A., Bergström G., Schmidt C. Beta-Cell Function, Self-rated Health, and Lifestyle Habits in 64-Year-Old Swedish Women with Metabolically Healthy Obesity Phenotype. J. Obes Metab. Syndr., 2020; 29 (1): 39–46. doi: 10.7570/jomes19078</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Литвинова Л.С., Василенко М.А., Затолокин П.А., Аксенова Н.Н., Фаттахов Н.С., Вайсбейн И.З., Миронюк Н.И., Кириенкова Е.В. Роль адипокинов в регуляции метаболических процессов при коррекции ожирения. Сахарный диабет, 2014; 17 (3): 51–59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvinova L.S., Vasilenko M.A., Zatolokin P.A., Aksenova N.N., Fattakhov N.S., Vaysbeyn I.Z., Mironyuk N.I., Kirienkova E.V. Adipokines in metabolic processes regulating during obesity treatment. Diabetes mellitus, 2014; 17 (3): 51–59. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14341/DM2014351-59</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Z., He J., Ma Q., Xiao M. Association Between C-Peptide Level and Subclinical Myocardial Injury.Endocrinol. (Lausanne), 2021; 12: 680501. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.680501</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Z., He J., Ma Q., Xiao M. Association Between C-Peptide Level and Subclinical Myocardial Injury.Endocrinol. (Lausanne), 2021; 12: 680501. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.680501</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kron V., Verner M., Smetana P., Janoutova J., Janout V., Martinik K. Alterations of glycaemia, insulin resistance and body mass index within the C-peptide optimal range in non-diabetic patients. J. Appl. Biomed., 2020; 18 (4): 136–142. doi: 10.32725/jab.2020.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kron V., Verner M., Smetana P., Janoutova J., Janout V., Martinik K. Alterations of glycaemia, insulin resistance and body mass index within the C-peptide optimal range in non-diabetic patients. J. Appl. Biomed., 2020; 18 (4): 136–142. doi: 10.32725/jab.2020.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Князев Ю.А., Беспалова В.А. Международная система единиц СИ (SI) и коэффициенты пересчета (основные лабораторные показатели в эндокринологии). Пробл. эндокринологии, 2000; 46 (3): 45–48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knyazev Yu.A., Bespalova V.A. International System of Units SI and conversion factors (main laboratory indicators in endocrinology). Problems of Endocrinology, 2000; 46 (3): 45–48. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14341/probl11853</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonzalez-Mejia M.E., Porchia L.M., Torres-Rasgado E., Ruiz-Vivanco G., Pulido-Pérez P., Báez-Duarte B.G., Pérez-Fuentes R. C-Peptide Is a Sensitive Indicator for the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome in Subjects from Central Mexico. Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord., 2016; 14 (4): 210–216. doi: 10.1089/met.2015.0067</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonzalez-Mejia M.E., Porchia L.M., Torres-Rasgado E., Ruiz-Vivanco G., Pulido-Pérez P., Báez-Duarte B.G., Pérez-Fuentes R. C-Peptide Is a Sensitive Indicator for the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome in Subjects from Central Mexico. Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord., 2016; 14 (4): 210–216. doi: 10.1089/met.2015.0067</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdullah A., Hasan H., Raigangar V., Bani-Issa W. C-Peptide versus insulin: relationships with risk biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in metabolic syndrome in young arab females. Int. J. Endocrinol., 2012; 2012: 420792. doi: 10.1155/2012/420792</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdullah A., Hasan H., Raigangar V., Bani-Issa W. C-Peptide versus insulin: relationships with risk biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in metabolic syndrome in young arab females. Int. J. Endocrinol., 2012; 2012: 420792. doi: 10.1155/2012/420792</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahmoodi M.R., Najafipour H. Association of C-peptide and lipoprotein(a) as two predictors with cardiometabolic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes in KERCADR population-based study. PLoS One, 2022; 17 (5): e0268927. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268927</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahmoodi M.R., Najafipour H. Association of C-peptide and lipoprotein(a) as two predictors with cardiometabolic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes in KERCADR population-based study. PLoS One, 2022; 17 (5): e0268927. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268927</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel N., Taveira T.H., Choudhary G., Whitlatch H., Wu W.C. Fasting serum C-peptide levels predict cardiovascular and overall death in nondiabetic adults. J. Am. Heart Assoc., 2012; 1 (6): e003152. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.112.003152</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel N., Taveira T.H., Choudhary G., Whitlatch H., Wu W.C. Fasting serum C-peptide levels predict cardiovascular and overall death in nondiabetic adults. J. Am. Heart Assoc., 2012; 1 (6): e003152. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.112.003152</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang T., Li M., Zeng T., Hu R., Xu Y., Xu M., Zhao Z., Chen Y., Wang S., Lin H., Yu X., Chen G., Su Q., Mu Y., Chen L., Tang X., Yan L., Qin G., Wan Q., Gao Z., Wang G., Shen F., Luo Z., Qin Y., Chen L., Huo Y., Li Q., Ye Z., Zhang Y., Liu C., Wang Y., Wu S., Yang T., Deng H., Zhao J., Shi L., Ning G., Bi Y., Wang W., Lu J. Association between insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease risk varies according to glucose tolerance status: a nationwide prospective cohort study. Diabetes Care, 2022; 45 (8): 1863–1872. doi: 10.2337/dc22-0202</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang T., Li M., Zeng T., Hu R., Xu Y., Xu M., Zhao Z., Chen Y., Wang S., Lin H., Yu X., Chen G., Su Q., Mu Y., Chen L., Tang X., Yan L., Qin G., Wan Q., Gao Z., Wang G., Shen F., Luo Z., Qin Y., Chen L., Huo Y., Li Q., Ye Z., Zhang Y., Liu C., Wang Y., Wu S., Yang T., Deng H., Zhao J., Shi L., Ning G., Bi Y., Wang W., Lu J. Association between insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease risk varies according to glucose tolerance status: a nationwide prospective cohort study. Diabetes Care, 2022; 45 (8): 1863–1872. doi: 10.2337/dc22-0202</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qin J., Sun R., Ding D. Effects of serum C-Peptide level on blood lipid and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular injury in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Contrast Media Mol. Imaging, 2022; 2022: 6314435. doi: 10.1155/2022/6314435</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qin J., Sun R., Ding D. Effects of serum C-Peptide level on blood lipid and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular injury in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Contrast Media Mol. Imaging, 2022; 2022: 6314435. doi: 10.1155/2022/6314435</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
