aterosklerozАтеросклерозAteroscleroz2078-256X2949-3633НИИТПМ-филиал ИЦиГ СО РАНateroskleroz-688Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSИнфекционные агенты в развитии атеросклерозаInfectious agents in the development of atherosclerosisСтатиноваЕ. А.StatinovaЕ. А.

Елена Анатольевна Статинова, д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. кафедры

кафедра неврологии и медицинской генетики

83003

просп. Ильича, 14

Донецк

Department of Neurology and Medical Genetics

83003

Ave. Ilyicha, 14

Donetsk

sneuro@inbox.ruОмельченкоР. Я.OmelchenkoR. Ya.

Руслана Ярославовна Омельченко, канд. мед. наук, доцент

кафедра неврологии и медицинской генетики

83003

просп. Ильича, 14

Донецк

Department of Neurology and Medical Genetics

83003

Ave. Ilyicha, 14

Donetsk

mihrusler@yandex.ruАурсалидиА. О.AursalidiA. O.

Александра Олеговна Аурсалиди, студентка

5-ый курс

кафедра неврологии и медицинской генетики

83003

просп. Ильича, 14

Донецк

Department of Neurology and Medical Genetics

83003

Ave. Ilyicha, 14

Donetsk

alejsnaily@gmail.comДонецкий национальный медицинский университет им. ГорькогоУкраинаDonetsk State Medical University. GorkyUkraine20130904202293-45164Copyright © Статинова Е.А., Омельченко Р.Я., Аурсалиди А.О., 20222022Статинова Е.А., Омельченко Р.Я., Аурсалиди А.О.Statinova Е.А., Omelchenko R.Y., Aursalidi A.O.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ateroskleroz.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/688

   К началу 21-го века существует более 25 гипотез и «теорий» атеросклероза, 240 факторов, способствующих возникновению атеросклеротических изменений сосудистой стенки. В последние годы все больше авторов склоняются к точке зрения, что атеросклероз представляет собой хронический иммуновоспалительный процесс, который протекает по типу реакции гиперчувствительности замедленного типа. Причиной воспалительной реакции как во времядекомпенсации хронической сосудисто-мозговой недостаточности, так и при атеросклерозе вообще может быть персистирующая инфекция брахиоцефальных, церебральных и коронарных артерий. Изучены и проанализированы зарубежные исследования по определению роли инфекционных агентов в развитии атеросклеротических изменений сосудистой стенки. Выявлено, что различные инфекционные агенты могут быть задействованы в развитии атеросклероза как по отдельности, так и в комплексе. Бактерии и вирусы могут участвовать в процессах формирования и дестабилизации атеросклеротических бляшек, приводить к повреждению эндотелия, запускать в нем системные иммунные реакции и коагуляционные механизмы, индуцировать клеточную инфильтрацию и выработку провоспалительных факторов. На сегодняшний день не существует единого мнения о том, является ли роль инфекционных патогенов в атеросклеротическом воспалении первичной либо они потенцируют уже начавшийся процесс.

   By the beginning of the 21st century, there are more than 25 hypotheses and «theories» of atherosclerosis. 240 factors contributing to the emergence of atherosclerotic changes in the vascular wall have been described. In recent years, a lot of authors are inclined to the view that atherosclerosis is a chronic immune inflammatory process, which proceeds like hypersensitivity reaction of the delayed type. Inflammatory reactions, both during the decompensation of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency, and atherosclerosis in general, can be caused by persistent infection of brachiocephalic, cerebral and coronary arteries. The aim of this work was to explore and analyze the foreign studies to determine the role of infections in the development of atherosclerotic changes in vessels. It was found that various infectious agents may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis both individually and in combination. Bacteria and viruses can participate in the formation and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques leading to endothelial damage, launching systemic immune reactions, inducing cell infiltration and production of proinflammatory factors, initiating coagulation in the endothelium. To date there is no consensus about what is the role of infectious pathogens in atherosclerotic inflammation – are they a primary cause or just «bystanders» that potentiate the already started process.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.