СО РАМН
Научно-исследовательский институт терапии
Новосибирск
SB RAMS
Novosibirsk
СО РАМН
Научно-исследовательский институт терапии
Новосибирск
SB RAMS
Novosibirsk
СО РАМН
Научно-исследовательский институт терапии
Новосибирск
SB RAMS
Novosibirsk
С 1989 по 2003 гг. проведено четыре популяционных исследования подростков 14–17 лет. Всего было обследовано 2569 человек (1214 мальчиков, 1355 девочек). В программу обследования входило: анкетирование, двукратное измерение артериального давления (АД), антропометрия, биохимическое исследование крови (общий холестерин (ОХС), холестерин липопротеидов высокой плотности, триглицериды). Среди родителей этих детей проводился почтовый опрос по стандартной анкете с вопросами, касающимися их антропометрических данных, АД, физической активности и курения. У 98 матерей и 38 отцов подростков с ГХС было проведено биохимическое исследование крови на липиды. Выявлена семейная агрегация повышенных уровней артериального давления, особенно по материнской линии. Обнаружены достоверные ассоциации избыточной массы тела, оцененной по индексу Кетле, у родителей и их детей, в большей степени – по отцовской линии. Курение среди девочек-подростков регистрировалось в 4 раза чаще, чем среди матерей. В курящих семьях курение у детей-подростков регистрировалось вдвое чаще, чем в некурящих. Выявлена высокая частота сниженной физической активности среди подростков и их родителей, особенно среди девочек. Обнаружены ассоциации повышенных уровней общего холестерина у родителей и подростков, в большей степени у девочек. Данные о семейной агрегации факторов риска ишемической болезни сердца диктуют необходимость проведения обследования и профилактического вмешательства на семейном уровне при обнаружении факторов риска хотя бы у одного из членов семьи.
Design and methods: Four cross-sectional surveys of representative samples of school children aged 14-17 in 1989 (656), in 1994 (620), in 1999 (626) and in 2003 (667) were carried out. Total sample was 2569 (1214 males and 1355 females). The program of the inquiry in adolescents included questioning about smoking, physical activity, measuring systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), anthropometry (height, weight), investigating levels of total cholesterol in serum, cholesterol of high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), triglycerides. The program of the inquiry in parents of adolescents included questioning about smoking, physical activity, their systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), anthropometry (height, weight). Blood lipids of parents of adolescents with hypercholesterolemia were evaluated (98 mothers and 38 fathers).
Elevated blood pressure was diagnosed using criteria of JNC-7, 2003. Overweight were registered using body mass index (BMI, kg/m2). Regular smokers were who smoking more 1 cigarettes in week. Criteria of NCEP, ATP III, 2001 were used for the parents of adolescents for diagnosis of dyslipidemia. The dyslipidemia in adolescents was registered using criteria of NCEP-peds, 1992.
Results: Prearterial hypertension was revealed often in adolescents than in their parents. Arterial hypertension was registered often in parents than in their children. Overweight was observed in more than half adults and about 10% their children. Smoking rate was high in fathers and child. Smoking rate in daughters was too higher compared their mothers. Lower physical activity was also higher in adolescents and their parents. Prevalence of CVD risk factors in adolescents and their parents was in table 1. Relationships of parents’ and children’s blood pressure and body mass index levels were revealed. Among adolescents whose mothers had elevated blood pressure, this risk factor was registered twice more often compared with normotensive mothers’ children. In the subgroup of adolescents with overweight and obesity both mothers and fathers had more higher BMI than in the subgroup of adolescents with normal BMI. Adolescents’ smoking was revealed two times more often in smoking families than in non-smoking families. In adolescents with hypercholesterolemia fathers’ total cholesterol levels were higher than in population. In the subgroup of adolescents with more high levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C both mothers and fathers also had more high levels of those indices than in the subgroup of adolescents with less values of hypercholesterolemia.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.