<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ateroskleroz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Атеросклероз</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ateroscleroz</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-256X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-3633</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИИТПМ-филиал ИЦиГ СО РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52727/2078-256X-2021-17-3-97-105</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ateroskleroz-523</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Cердечно-сосудистые заболевания в сочетании с вирусной инфекцией SARS-CoV-2: течение и прогноз</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular diseases in combination with SARS-CoV-2 viral infection: cours and forecast</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2181-3962</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гущина</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gushchina</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олеся Игоревна Гущина, аспирант кафедры факультетской терапии им. проф. Г.Д. Залесского</p><p>м.т. +7923 179 6066, SPIN ID: 7709-0829</p><p>630091, Россия, Новосибирск, Красный просп., 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olesya I. Gushchina, postgraduate student of the Department for Intermediate Course of Internal Medicine named after prof. G.D. Zalessky</p><p>M.T. +7 923 179 6066</p><p>630091, Russia, Novosibirsk, Krasny av., 52</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">varalenna@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4832-3197</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ложкина</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lozhkina</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Геннадьевна Ложкина, д-р мед. наук, проф. кафедры факультетской терапии им. проф. Г.Д. Залесского; куратор отделения для лечения больных с острым коронарным синдромом РСЦ № 1 ГКБ № 1 </p><p>SPIN ID: 5320-7554</p><p>630091, Россия, Новосибирск, Красный просп., 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya G. Lozhkina, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department for Intermediate Course of Internal Medicine named after prof. G.D. Zalessky;  cardiologist, curator of the department for the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome of the RVС No. 1, City Clinical Hospital No. 1</p><p>M.T. +7 913 947 2827</p><p>630091, Russia, Novosibirsk, Krasny av., 52</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lozhkina.n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гущина О.И., Ложкина Н.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гущина О.И., Ложкина Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gushchina O.I., Lozhkina N.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ateroskleroz.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/523">https://ateroskleroz.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/523</self-uri><abstract><p>В условиях пандемии особую группу составляют пациенты с сердечно-сосудистой патологией. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания в значительной степени связаны с ростом смертности и повышенным риском осложнений у лиц, пораженных вирусом SARS-CoV-2. Это определяет важность стратификации риска, выбора оптимальной персонализированной терапии и изучения отдаленного прогноза инфаркта миокарда на фоне инфекции, вызванной SARS-CoV-2. Несмотря на стремительно растущее внимание к данному вопросу, механизмы взаимосвязи между сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями и COVID-19 не полностью ясны. Нами выполнен систематический обзор с целью обобщить важные аспекты COVID-19 для кардиологов. Авторами обсуждаются как хорошо изученные факторы инфекционного процесса, приводящие к острому повреждению миокарда и декомпенсации имеющихся хронических кардиологических заболеваний, так и новые, фундаментальные, определяющие прогноз и лечение. Использованы сведения по теме из публикаций на основе баз данных PubMed, Google Scholar и eLibrary.ru. Работа проведена при поддержке компании Пфайзер.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In a pandemic, a special group is made up of patients with cardiovascular pathology. Cardiovascular diseases are largely associated with an increase in mortality and an increased risk of complications in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This determines the importance of risk stratification, the choice of optimal personalized therapy and the study of the long-term prognosis of myocardial infarction against the background of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. Despite the rapidly growing attention to this issue, the mechanisms of the relationship between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 are not completely clear. We conducted a systematic review to summarize important aspects of COVID-19 for cardiologists. The authors discuss both well-studied factors of the infectious process leading to acute myocardial damage and decompensation of existing chronic cardiac diseases, and new, fundamental, determining prognosis and treatment. Information on the topic was used from publications based on the PubMed, Google Scholar and eLibrary.ru databases. This work was carried out within the framework of a research grant № 67573613 of Pfizer.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфаркт миокарда</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>новая коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>инфекция SARS-CoV-2</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>myocardial infarction</kwd><kwd>coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2 infection</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа проведена при поддержке компании Пфайзер</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was carried out within the framework of a research grant № 67573613 of Pfizer.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report – 47. https://web.archive.org/web/20200308150245/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situationreports/20200307-sitrep-47-covid-19.pdf (accessed April 21, 2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report – 47. https://web.archive.org/web/20200308150245/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situationreports/20200307-sitrep-47-covid-19.pdf (accessed April 21, 2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Z., McGoogan J.M. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA, 2020; 323 (13): 1239–1242. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu Z., McGoogan J.M. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA, 2020; 323 (13): 1239–1242. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guan W., Ni Z., Hu Y. et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N. Engl. J. Med. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guan W., Ni Z., Hu Y. et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N. Engl. J. Med. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang D., Hu B., Hu C. et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA, 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang D., Hu B., Hu C. et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA, 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Du Y., Tu L., Zhu P. et al. Clinical Features of 85 Fatal Cases of COVID-19 from Wuhan. A Retrospective Observational Study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2020; 201 (11): 1372–1379. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0543OC</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Du Y., Tu L., Zhu P. et al. Clinical Features of 85 Fatal Cases of COVID-19 from Wuhan. A Retrospective Observational Study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2020; 201 (11): 1372–1379. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0543OC</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen T. Wu D., Chen H. et al. Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. Br. Med. J., 2020; 1091 (March): m1091. doi: 10.1136/bmj. m1091 Li B</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen T. Wu D., Chen H. et al. Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. Br. Med. J., 2020; 1091 (March): m1091. doi: 10.1136/bmj. m1091 Li B</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Characteristics of COVID-19 patients dying in Italy Report based on available data on March 20th, 2020 https://www.epicentro.iss.it/coronavirus/bollettino/Report-COVID-2019_20_marzo_eng.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Characteristics of COVID-19 patients dying in Italy Report based on available data on March 20th, 2020 https://www.epicentro.iss.it/coronavirus/bollettino/Report-COVID-2019_20_marzo_eng.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akhtar Z., Chowdhury F., Aleem M.A. et al. Undiagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcome in patients with acute MI and no COVID-19 symptoms. Open Heart, 2021; 8: e001617. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001617)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhtar Z., Chowdhury F., Aleem M.A. et al. Undiagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcome in patients with acute MI and no COVID-19 symptoms. Open Heart, 2021; 8: e001617. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001617)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carfм A., Bernabei R., Landi F.; Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group. Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19. JAMA, 2020; 324 (6): 603–605. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.12603</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carfм A., Bernabei R., Landi F.; Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group. Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19. JAMA, 2020; 324 (6): 603–605. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.12603</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Helms J., Kremer S., Merdji H. et al. Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020; 382 (23): 2268–2270. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2008597</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Helms J., Kremer S., Merdji H. et al. Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020; 382 (23): 2268–2270. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2008597</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leisman D.E., Ronner L., Pinotti R. et al. Cytokine elevation in severe and critical COVID-19: a rapid systematic review, meta-analysis, and comparison with other inflammatory syndromes. Lancet Respir. Med., 2020; 8 (12): 1233–1244. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30404-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leisman D.E., Ronner L., Pinotti R. et al. Cytokine elevation in severe and critical COVID-19: a rapid systematic review, meta-analysis, and comparison with other inflammatory syndromes. Lancet Respir. Med., 2020; 8 (12): 1233–1244. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30404-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rochwerg B., Parke R., Murthy S. et al. Misinformation during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: how knowledge emerges from noise. Crit. Care. Explor., 2020; 2 (4): e0098. doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000098</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rochwerg B., Parke R., Murthy S. et al. Misinformation during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: how knowledge emerges from noise. Crit. Care. Explor., 2020; 2 (4): e0098. doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000098</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dickson R.P., Erb-Downward J.R., Martinez F.J., Huffnagle G.B. The microbiome and the respiratory tract. Annu. Rev. Physiol., 2016; 78: 481–504. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105238</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dickson R.P., Erb-Downward J.R., Martinez F.J., Huffnagle G.B. The microbiome and the respiratory tract. Annu. Rev. Physiol., 2016; 78: 481–504. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105238</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang W., Xu Y., Gao R. et al. Detection of SARSCoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens. JAMA, 2020; 323 (18): 1843-1844. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.3786</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang W., Xu Y., Gao R. et al. Detection of SARSCoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens. JAMA, 2020; 323 (18): 1843-1844. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.3786</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang C., Xie J., Zhao L. et al. Alveolar macrophage dysfunction and cytokine storm in the pathogenesis of two severe COVID-19 patients. EBioMedicine, 2020; 57: 102833. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102833</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang C., Xie J., Zhao L. et al. Alveolar macrophage dysfunction and cytokine storm in the pathogenesis of two severe COVID-19 patients. EBioMedicine, 2020; 57: 102833. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102833</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Totura A.L., Whitmore A., Agnihothram S. et al. Toll-like receptor 3 signaling via TRIF contributes to a protective innate immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. mBio, 2015; 6 (3): e00638-15. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00638-15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Totura A.L., Whitmore A., Agnihothram S. et al. Toll-like receptor 3 signaling via TRIF contributes to a protective innate immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. mBio, 2015; 6 (3): e00638-15. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00638-15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bastard P., Rosen L.B., Zhang Q. et al. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19. Science, 2020; 370 (6515): eabd4585. doi: 10.1126/science.abd4585</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bastard P., Rosen L.B., Zhang Q. et al. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19. Science, 2020; 370 (6515): eabd4585. doi: 10.1126/science.abd4585</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hadjadj J., Yatim N., Barnabei L. et al Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients. Science, 2020; 369 (6504): 718–724. doi: 10.1126/science.abc6027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hadjadj J., Yatim N., Barnabei L. et al Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients. Science, 2020; 369 (6504): 718–724. doi: 10.1126/science.abc6027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cugno M., Meroni P.L., Gualtierotti R. et al. Complement activation in patients with COVID-19: A novel therapeutic target. J .Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2020; 146 (1): 215–217. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cugno M., Meroni P.L., Gualtierotti R. et al. Complement activation in patients with COVID-19: A novel therapeutic target. J .Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2020; 146 (1): 215–217. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holter J.C., Pischke S.E., de Boer E. et al. Systemic complement activation is associated with respiratory failure in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2020; 117 (40): 25018–25025. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2010540117</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holter J.C., Pischke S.E., de Boer E. et al. Systemic complement activation is associated with respiratory failure in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2020; 117 (40): 25018–25025. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2010540117</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bao J., Li C., Zhang K. et al. Comparative analysis of laboratory indexes of severe and non-severe patients infected with COVID-19. Clin. Chim. Acta, 2020; 509: 180–194. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bao J., Li C., Zhang K. et al. Comparative analysis of laboratory indexes of severe and non-severe patients infected with COVID-19. Clin. Chim. Acta, 2020; 509: 180–194. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taneera J., El-Huneidi W., Hamad M. et al. Expression profile of SARS-CoV-2 host receptors in human pancreatic islets revealed upregulation of ACE2 in diabetic donors. Biology (Basel), 2020; 9 (8): 215. doi: 10.3390/biology9080215</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taneera J., El-Huneidi W., Hamad M. et al. Expression profile of SARS-CoV-2 host receptors in human pancreatic islets revealed upregulation of ACE2 in diabetic donors. Biology (Basel), 2020; 9 (8): 215. doi: 10.3390/biology9080215</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pal R., Banerjee M. COVID-19 and the endocrine system: exploring the unexplored. J. Endocrinol. Invest., 2020; 43 (7): 1027–1031. doi: 10.1007/s40618-020-01276-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pal R., Banerjee M. COVID-19 and the endocrine system: exploring the unexplored. J. Endocrinol. Invest., 2020; 43 (7): 1027–1031. doi: 10.1007/s40618-020-01276-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang L., Han Y., Nilsson-Payant B.E. et al. A human pluripotent stem cell-based platform to study SARSCoV-2 tropism and model virus infection in human cells and organoids. Cell Stem. Cell, 2020; 27 (1): 125–136.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.06.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang L., Han Y., Nilsson-Payant B.E. et al. A human pluripotent stem cell-based platform to study SARSCoV-2 tropism and model virus infection in human cells and organoids. Cell Stem. Cell, 2020; 27 (1): 125–136.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.06.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fosbшl E.L., Butt J.H., Шstergaard L. et al. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use with COVID-19 diagnosis and mortality. JAMA, 2020; 324 (2): 168–177. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.11301</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fosbшl E.L., Butt J.H., Шstergaard L. et al. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use with COVID-19 diagnosis and mortality. JAMA, 2020; 324 (2): 168–177. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.11301</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nielsen T.B., Pantapalangkoor P., Yan J. et al. Diabetes exacerbates infection via hyperinflammation by signaling through TLR4 and RAGE. mBio, 2017; 8 (4): e00818-17. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00818-17. PMID: 28830942; PMCID: PMC5565964.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nielsen T.B., Pantapalangkoor P., Yan J. et al. Diabetes exacerbates infection via hyperinflammation by signaling through TLR4 and RAGE. mBio, 2017; 8 (4): e00818-17. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00818-17. PMID: 28830942; PMCID: PMC5565964.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quinti I., Lougaris V., Milito C. et al. A possible role for B cells in COVID-19? Lesson from patients with agammaglobulinemia. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2020; 146 (1): 211-213.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quinti I., Lougaris V., Milito C. et al. A possible role for B cells in COVID-19? Lesson from patients with agammaglobulinemia. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2020; 146 (1): 211-213.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soresina A., Moratto D., Chiarini M. et al. Two X-linked agammaglobulinemia patients develop pneumonia as COVID-19 manifestation but recover. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol., 2020; 31 (5): 565–569. doi: 10.1111/pai.13263</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soresina A., Moratto D., Chiarini M. et al. Two X-linked agammaglobulinemia patients develop pneumonia as COVID-19 manifestation but recover. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol., 2020; 31 (5): 565–569. doi: 10.1111/pai.13263</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Montero-Escribano P., Matнas-Guiu J., Gуmez-Iglesias P. et al. Anti-CD20 and COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis and related disorders: A case series of 60 patients from Madrid, Spain. Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord., 2020; 42: 102185. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102185</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Montero-Escribano P., Matнas-Guiu J., Gуmez-Iglesias P. et al. Anti-CD20 and COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis and related disorders: A case series of 60 patients from Madrid, Spain. Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord., 2020; 42: 102185. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102185</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galani I.E., Rovina N., Lampropoulou V. et al. Untuned antiviral immunity in COVID-19 revealed by temporal type I/III interferon patterns and flu comparison. Nat. Immunol., 2021; 22 (1): 32–40. doi: 10.1038/s41590-020-00840-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galani I.E., Rovina N., Lampropoulou V. et al. Untuned antiviral immunity in COVID-19 revealed by temporal type I/III interferon patterns and flu comparison. Nat. Immunol., 2021; 22 (1): 32–40. doi: 10.1038/s41590-020-00840-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sinha P., Calfee C.S., Cherian S. et al. Prevalence of phenotypes of acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a prospective observational study. Lancet Respir. Med., 2020; 8 (12): 1209–1218. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30366-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinha P., Calfee C.S., Cherian S. et al. Prevalence of phenotypes of acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a prospective observational study. Lancet Respir. Med., 2020; 8 (12): 1209–1218. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30366-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou P., Yang X.L., Wang X.G. et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 2020; 579: 270–273. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou P., Yang X.L., Wang X.G. et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 2020; 579: 270–273. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoffmann M., Kleine-Weber H., Schroeder S. et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell, 2020; 181 (2): 271–280. doi: 101016/j.cell.2020.02.052</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoffmann M., Kleine-Weber H., Schroeder S. et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell, 2020; 181 (2): 271–280. doi: 101016/j.cell.2020.02.052</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tikellis C., Thomas M.C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key modulator of the renin angiotensin system in health and disease. Int. J. Pept., 2012; 2012: 256294–256294. doi: 101155/2012/256294</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tikellis C., Thomas M.C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key modulator of the renin angiotensin system in health and disease. Int. J. Pept., 2012; 2012: 256294–256294. doi: 101155/2012/256294</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang H., Penninger J.M., Li Y. et al. Angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target. Intensive Care Med., 2020; 46 (4): 586–590. doi: 101007/s00134-020-05985-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang H., Penninger J.M., Li Y. et al. Angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target. Intensive Care Med., 2020; 46 (4): 586–590. doi: 101007/s00134-020-05985-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jirak P., Larbig R., Shomanova Z. et al. Myocardial injury in severe COVID-19 is similar to pneumonias of other origin: results from a multicentre study. ESC Heart Fail., 2021; 8 (1): 37–46. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.13136</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jirak P., Larbig R., Shomanova Z. et al. Myocardial injury in severe COVID-19 is similar to pneumonias of other origin: results from a multicentre study. ESC Heart Fail., 2021; 8 (1): 37–46. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.13136</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Varga Z., Flammer A.J., Steiger P. et al. Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19. Lancet, 2020; 395 (10234): 1417–1418. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30937-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varga Z., Flammer A.J., Steiger P. et al. Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19. Lancet, 2020; 395 (10234): 1417–1418. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30937-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buja L.M., Wolf D.A., Zhao B. et al. The emerging spectrum of cardiopulmonary pathology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Report of 3 autopsies from Houston, Texas, and review of autopsy findings from other United States cities. Cardiovasc. Pathol., 2020; 48: 107233. doi: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107233</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buja L.M., Wolf D.A., Zhao B. et al. The emerging spectrum of cardiopulmonary pathology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Report of 3 autopsies from Houston, Texas, and review of autopsy findings from other United States cities. Cardiovasc. Pathol., 2020; 48: 107233. doi: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107233</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadegh Beigee F., Pourabdollah Toutkaboni M., Khalili N. et al. Diffuse alveolar damage and thrombotic microangiopathy are the main histopathological findings in lung tissue biopsy samples of COVID-19 patients. Pathol. Res. Pract., 2020; 216 (10): 153228. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153228</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadegh Beigee F., Pourabdollah Toutkaboni M., Khalili N. et al. Diffuse alveolar damage and thrombotic microangiopathy are the main histopathological findings in lung tissue biopsy samples of COVID-19 patients. Pathol. Res. Pract., 2020; 216 (10): 153228. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153228</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gu J., Korteweg C. Pathology and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Am. J. Pathol., 2007; 170: 1136–1147</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gu J., Korteweg C. Pathology and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Am. J. Pathol., 2007; 170: 1136–1147</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schaefer I.M., Padera R.F., Solomon I.H. et al. In situ detection of SARS-CoV-2 in lungs and airways of patients with COVID-19. Mod. Pathol., 2020; 33 (11): 2104–2114. doi: 10.1038/s41379-020-0595-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schaefer I.M., Padera R.F., Solomon I.H. et al. In situ detection of SARS-CoV-2 in lungs and airways of patients with COVID-19. Mod. Pathol., 2020; 33 (11): 2104–2114. doi: 10.1038/s41379-020-0595-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Su H., Yang M., Wan C. et al. Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China. Kidney Int., 2020; 98 (1): 219–227. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Su H., Yang M., Wan C. et al. Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China. Kidney Int., 2020; 98 (1): 219–227. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li G., Fan Y., Lai Y. et al. Coronavirus infections and immune responses. Med. Virol., 2020; 92 (4): 424–32. doi: 101002/jmv.25685</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li G., Fan Y., Lai Y. et al. Coronavirus infections and immune responses. Med. Virol., 2020; 92 (4): 424–32. doi: 101002/jmv.25685</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ackermann M., Verleden S.E., Kuehnel M. et al. Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020; 383 (2): 120–128. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2015432</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ackermann M., Verleden S.E., Kuehnel M. et al. Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020; 383 (2): 120–128. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2015432</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Copin M.C., Parmentier E., Duburcq T. et al. Time to consider the histologic pattern of lung injury to treat critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection. Intensive Care Med., 2020; 46 (6): 1124–1126. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06057-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Copin M.C., Parmentier E., Duburcq T. et al. Time to consider the histologic pattern of lung injury to treat critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection. Intensive Care Med., 2020; 46 (6): 1124–1126. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06057-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Y., Xiao M., Zhang S. et al. Coagulopathy and antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with COVID-19. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020; 382 (17): e38. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2007575</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Y., Xiao M., Zhang S. et al. Coagulopathy and antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with COVID-19. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020; 382 (17): e38. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2007575</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sinha P., Calfee C.S., Cherian S. et al. Prevalence of phenotypes of acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a prospective observational study. Lancet Respir. Med., 2020; 8 (12): 1209–1218. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30366-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinha P., Calfee C.S., Cherian S. et al. Prevalence of phenotypes of acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a prospective observational study. Lancet Respir. Med., 2020; 8 (12): 1209–1218. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30366-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gill S.E., Dos Santos C.C., O’Gorman D.B. et al. Transcriptional profiling of leukocytes in critically ill COVID19 patients: implications for interferon response and coagulation. Intensive Care Med. Exp., 2020; 8 (1): 75. doi: 10.1186/s40635-020-00361-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gill S.E., Dos Santos C.C., O’Gorman D.B. et al. Transcriptional profiling of leukocytes in critically ill COVID19 patients: implications for interferon response and coagulation. Intensive Care Med. Exp., 2020; 8 (1): 75. doi: 10.1186/s40635-020-00361-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lippi G., Lavie C.J., Sanchis-Gomar F. Cardiac troponin I in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evidence from a meta-analysis. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis., 2020; 63 (3): 390–391. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lippi G., Lavie C.J., Sanchis-Gomar F. Cardiac troponin I in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evidence from a meta-analysis. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis., 2020; 63 (3): 390–391. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deng Q., Hu B., Zhang Y. et al. Suspected myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19: Evidence from front-line clinical observation in Wuhan, China. Int. J. Cardiol., 2020; 311: 116–121. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.03.087</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deng Q., Hu B., Zhang Y. et al. Suspected myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19: Evidence from front-line clinical observation in Wuhan, China. Int. J. Cardiol., 2020; 311: 116–121. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.03.087</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kotecha T., Knight D.S., Razvi Y. et al. Patterns of myocardial injury in recovered troponin-positive COVID-19 patients assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Eur. Heart J., 2021; 42 (19): 1866–1878. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab075</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotecha T., Knight D.S., Razvi Y. et al. Patterns of myocardial injury in recovered troponin-positive COVID-19 patients assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Eur. Heart J., 2021; 42 (19): 1866–1878. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab075</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
