<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ateroskleroz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Атеросклероз</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ateroscleroz</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-256X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-3633</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИИТПМ-филиал ИЦиГ СО РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15372/ATER20200202</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ateroskleroz-373</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности липидомического профиля мембран эритроцитов и сыворотки крови у пациентов с жировой болезнью печени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of lipidomic profile of erythrocyte membranes and blood serum in patients with fatty liver disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кручинина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kruchinina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кручинина Маргарита Витальевна – доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория гастроэнтерологии</p><p>630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>630089, Novosibirsk, Boris Bogatkov str., 175/1 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kruchmargo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паруликова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parulikova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Паруликова Марина Владимировна – врач-гастроэнтеролог, заведующий гастроэнтерологическим центром ЧУЗ «Клиническая больница «РЖД-Медицина» г. Новосибирск», старший преподаватель отдела образования, НИИТПМ – филиал ФИЦ ИЦиГ СО РАН</p><p>630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>630089, Novosibirsk, Boris Bogatkov str., 175/1 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m_parulikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курилович</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurilovich</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Курилович Светлана Арсентьевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией гастроэнтерологии</p><p>630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>630089, Novosibirsk, Boris Bogatkov str., 175/1 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kurilovich@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Громов Андрей Александрович – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник, руководитель группы исследования гемостаза лаборатории клинических биохимических и гормональных исследований терапевтических заболеваний</p><p>630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>630089, Novosibirsk, Boris Bogatkov str., 175/1 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gromovcenter@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шашков</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shashkov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шашков Михаил Вадимович – кандидат химических наук, аналитическая лаборатория</p><p>630090, г. Новосибирск, просп. Академика Лаврентьева, 5 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>630090, Novosibirsk, Academician Lavrent'ev av., 5 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shashkov@catalysis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соколова Анастасия Сергеевна – кандидат химических наук, научный сотрудник, лаборатория физиологически активных веществ</p><p>630090, г. Новосибирск, просп. Академика Лаврентьева, 9 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>630090, Novosibirsk, Academician Lavrent'ev av., 9 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asokolova@nioch.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кручинин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kruchinin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кручинин Владимир Николаевич – кандидат химических наук, научный сотрудник, лаборатория эллипсометрии</p><p>630090, г. Новосибирск, просп. Академика Лаврентьева, 13 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>630090, Novosibirsk, Academician Lavrent'ev av., 13 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladd.kruch@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">НИИ терапии и профилактической медицины – филиал ФГБНУ ФИЦ Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН Институт катализа им. Г.К. Борескова СО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">G.K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis of SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН Новосибирский институт органической химии им. Н.Н. Ворожцова СО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН Институт физики полупроводников им. А.В. Ржанова СО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кручинина М.В., Паруликова М.В., Курилович С.А., Громов А.А., Шашков М.В., Соколова А.С., Кручинин В.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кручинина М.В., Паруликова М.В., Курилович С.А., Громов А.А., Шашков М.В., Соколова А.С., Кручинин В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kruchinina M.V., Parulikova M.V., Kurilovich S.A., Gromov A.A., Shashkov M.V., Sokolova A.S., Kruchinin V.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ateroskleroz.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/373">https://ateroskleroz.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/373</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – исследовать особенности состава жирных кислот мембран эритроцитов и сыворотки крови у пациентов с жировой болезнью печени алкогольного (АЖБП) и неалкогольного (НАЖБП) генеза для возможного использования в целях дифференциальной диагностики. Обследовано 80 мужчин (51,8±3,9 года) с АЖБП (n = 28) и НАЖБП (n = 52), а также 20 условно здоровых лиц. Исследование состава жирных кислот (ЖК) эритроцитов и сыворотки крови проведено с помощью хромато-масс-спектрометрической системы на основе трех квадруполей Agilent 7000B (США). Выявлены различия в уровнях и соотношении ЖК в сыворотке крови и мембранах эритроцитов у пациентов с АЖБП и НАЖБП. Повышенная этерификация жирных кислот, увеличение синтеза полиненасыщенных жирных кислот (ПНЖК), усиливающих вызванные этанолом повреждения печени, значимая роль олеиновой и линолевой кислот ассоциированы с АЖБП. У пациентов с НАЖБП обнаружено повышение содержания потенциально липотоксичных насыщенных ЖК (маргариновой, стеариновой, арахиновой, пентадекановой) при снижении концентрации мононенасыщенных (пальмитолеиновой, элаидиновой, олеиновой). Уменьшение содержания докозагексаеновой n-3 ПНЖК на фоне компенсаторного увеличения уровня докозапентаеновой ЖК n-6 при дефиците n-3, повышенный расход n-6 ПНЖК предполагают дефектную десатурацию ненасыщенных ЖК и возрастание интенсивности процессов перекисного окисления длинноцепочечных ПНЖК, ассоциированное с окислительным стрессом, особенности, связанные с резистентностью к инсулину. Синтез триглицеридов обеспечивает защитный механизм от токсической аккумуляции свободных ЖК в печени. Установлены корреляции между уровнем ЖК фосфолипидов эритроцитов и компонентами метаболического синдрома, маркерами потребления алкоголя. Получены пилотные диагностические модели, позволяющие отличить пациентов с НАЖБП и АЖБП от здоровых лиц (AUC 0,892, чувствительность 0,82, специфичность 0,88 для НАЖБП; AUC 0,811, чувствительность 0,74, специфичность 0,80 для АЖБП), а также НАЖБП от АЖБП (AUC 0,790, чувствительность 0,73, специфичность 0,78). Жирно-кислотные профили мембран эритроцитов, сыворотки крови являются надежными биомаркерами нарушений в метаболизме липидов у пациентов с ЖБП различного генеза и перспективны с точки зрения дифференциальной диагностики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the work was to study the compositional features of fatty acids of erythrocyte membranes and blood serum in patients with fatty liver disease of alcoholic (AFLD) and nonalcoholic (NAFLD) genesis for possible use for differential diagnosis. A total of 80 men (51.8±3.9 years) with AFLD (n = 28) and NAFLD (n = 52), as well as 20 conditionally healthy individuals were examined. The composition of erythrocyte membrane and serum fatty acids (FA) was studied using a chromatography mass spectrometry system based on three Agilent 7000B quadrupoles (USA). Differences in levels and ratios of FA in blood serum and erythrocyte membranes were revealed in patients with alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Increased esterification of FA, increased synthesis of polyunsaturated (PUFA), enhancing liver damage caused by ethanol, a significant role of oleic and linoleic acids are associated with AFLD. Patients with NAFLD showed elevated levels of potentially lipotoxic saturated FA (margarine, stearic, arachinic, pentadecanoic) with a decrease in monounsaturated (palmitoleic, elaidic, oleic). A decrease in the content of docosahexaenoic n-3 PUFAs against the background of a compensatory increase in the level of docosapentaenoic FA n-6 with an omega-3 deficiency, increased consumption of omega-6 PUFAs suggest defective desaturation of unsaturated fatty acids and increased longchain PUFA peroxidation followed by oxidative stress, especially insulin resistance. The synthesis of triglycerides provides a protective mechanism against toxic accumulation of free FA in the liver. Correlation was established between the levels of FA erythrocyte phospholipids and components of the metabolic syndrome, markers of alcohol consumption. Pilot diagnostic models have been obtained that make it possible to distinguish patients with NAFLD and AFLD from healthy patients (AUC 0.892, sensitivity 0.82, specificity 0.88 for NAFLD; AUC 0.811, sensitivity 0.74, specificity 0.80 for ASFLD), as well as NAFLD from AFLD (AUC 0.790, sensitivity 0.73, specificity 0.78). FA profiles of erythrocyte membranes and blood serum are reliable biomarkers of disorders in lipid metabolism in patients with fatty liver disease of various genesis and are promising from the point of view of differential diagnosis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>жировая болезнь печени</kwd><kwd>алкогольный</kwd><kwd>неалкогольный генез</kwd><kwd>жирные кислоты</kwd><kwd>эритроциты</kwd><kwd>сыворотка крови</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fatty liver disease</kwd><kwd>alcoholic</kwd><kwd>non-alcoholic genesis</kwd><kwd>fatty acids</kwd><kwd>red blood cells</kwd><kwd>blood serum</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Метаболический синдром. Ред. Г.Е. Ройтберг. М.: МЕД-пресс-информ, 2007. 224 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Метаболический синдром. Ред. Г.Е. Ройтберг. М.: МЕД-пресс-информ, 2007. 224 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Подымова С.Д. Болезни печени. Руководство для врачей. 5-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2018. 984 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Подымова С.Д. Болезни печени. Руководство для врачей. 5-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2018. 984 c.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walsh K., Alexander G. Alcoholic liver disease. Postgrad. Med. J. 2000; 76 (895): 280–286.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walsh K., Alexander G. Alcoholic liver disease. Postgrad. Med. J. 2000; 76 (895): 280–286.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вовк Е.И. Лечение неалкогольной жировой болезни печени в практике терапевта: Что? Где? Когда? РМЖ: Рус. мед. журн. 2011; 11: 1038–1046.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вовк Е.И. Лечение неалкогольной жировой болезни печени в практике терапевта: Что? Где? Когда? РМЖ: Рус. мед. журн. 2011; 11: 1038–1046.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jia Y., Ji P., Nguyen L., French B., Tillman B., French S. Different roles of epigenetic regulators and inflammasome in hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis in patients with ASH vs. NASH. Exp. Biol. 2019; A67: 662–667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jia Y., Ji P., Nguyen L., French B., Tillman B., French S. Different roles of epigenetic regulators and inflammasome in hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis in patients with ASH vs. NASH. Exp. Biol. 2019; A67: 662–667.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радченко В.Г., Шабров А.В., Зиновьева Е.Н., Ситкин С.И. Заболевания печени и желчевыводящих путей: руководство для врачей. СПб.: СпецЛит, 2011. 560 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Радченко В.Г., Шабров А.В., Зиновьева Е.Н., Ситкин С.И. Заболевания печени и желчевыводящих путей: руководство для врачей. СПб.: СпецЛит, 2011. 560 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кручинина М.В., Кручинин В.Н., Прудникова Я.И., Громов А.А., Шашков М.В., Соколова А.С. Исследование уровня жирных кислот мембран эритроцитов и сыворотки крови у пациентов с колоректальным раком г. Новосибирска. Успехи молекуляр. онкологии. 2018; 5 (2): 50–61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кручинина М.В., Кручинин В.Н., Прудникова Я.И., Громов А.А., Шашков М.В., Соколова А.С. Исследование уровня жирных кислот мембран эритроцитов и сыворотки крови у пациентов с колоректальным раком г. Новосибирска. Успехи молекуляр. онкологии. 2018; 5 (2): 50–61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новицкий В.В., Рязанцева Н.В., Степовая Е.А. Физиология и патофизиология эритроцита. Томск: Наука, 2004. 202 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Новицкий В.В., Рязанцева Н.В., Степовая Е.А. Физиология и патофизиология эритроцита. Томск: Наука, 2004. 202 c.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arab L., Akbar J. Biomarkers and the measurement of fatty acids. Public Health Nutr. 2002; (5): 865–871.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arab L., Akbar J. Biomarkers and the measurement of fatty acids. Public Health Nutr. 2002; (5): 865–871.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A., Chajes V., Van Kappel A.L., Riboli E., Toniolo P. Reliability of fatty acid composition in human serum phospholipids. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000; 54: 367–372.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A., Chajes V., Van Kappel A.L., Riboli E., Toniolo P. Reliability of fatty acid composition in human serum phospholipids. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000; 54: 367–372.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katan M.B., van Birgelen A., Deslypere J.P., Penders M., van Staveren W.A. Biological markers of dietary intake, with emphasis on fatty acids. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 1991; 35: 249–252.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katan M.B., van Birgelen A., Deslypere J.P., Penders M., van Staveren W.A. Biological markers of dietary intake, with emphasis on fatty acids. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 1991; 35: 249–252.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osna N.A., Donohue T.M., Jr., Kharbanda K.K. Alcoholic liver disease: Pathogenesis and current management. Alcohol Res. 2017; 38 (2): 7–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osna N.A., Donohue T.M., Jr., Kharbanda K.K. Alcoholic liver disease: Pathogenesis and current management. Alcohol Res. 2017; 38 (2): 7–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo C., Сhend L., Huang J., Wang Y., Shi C., Gao J., Hong Y., Chen T., Qiu L. Aldose reductase inhibitor protects mice from alcoholic steatosis by repressing saturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2018; 287: 41–48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo C., Сhend L., Huang J., Wang Y., Shi C., Gao J., Hong Y., Chen T., Qiu L. Aldose reductase inhibitor protects mice from alcoholic steatosis by repressing saturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2018; 287: 41–48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernando H., Bhopale K.K., Boor P.J., Shakeel Ansari G.A., Kaphalia B.S. Hepatic lipid profiling of deer mice fed ethanol using 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy: a dose-dependent subchronic study. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2012; 264: 361–369.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernando H., Bhopale K.K., Boor P.J., Shakeel Ansari G.A., Kaphalia B.S. Hepatic lipid profiling of deer mice fed ethanol using 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy: a dose-dependent subchronic study. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2012; 264: 361–369.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mezey E. Dietary fat and alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology. 1998; 28: 901–905.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mezey E. Dietary fat and alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology. 1998; 28: 901–905.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nanji A.A. Role of different dietary fatty acids in thepathogenesis of experimental alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol. 2004; 34: 21–25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nanji A.A. Role of different dietary fatty acids in thepathogenesis of experimental alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol. 2004; 34: 21–25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirpich I.A., Miller M.E., Cave M.C., Joshi-Barve S., McClain C.J. Alcoholic liver disease: update on the role of dietaryfat. Biomolecules. 2016; 6: 1–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirpich I.A., Miller M.E., Cave M.C., Joshi-Barve S., McClain C.J. Alcoholic liver disease: update on the role of dietaryfat. Biomolecules. 2016; 6: 1–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Griffith C.M., Schenker S. The role of nutritional therapy in alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Res. Health. 2006; 29 (4): 296–306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Griffith C.M., Schenker S. The role of nutritional therapy in alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Res. Health. 2006; 29 (4): 296–306.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernando H., Bhopale K.K., Kondraganti S.S., Kaphalia B., Ansari G. Alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis: A comparative study to identify possible indicator(s) of alcoholic fatty liver disease. J. Drug Alcohol Res. 2018; 7: 236040(5).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernando H., Bhopale K.K., Kondraganti S.S., Kaphalia B., Ansari G. Alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis: A comparative study to identify possible indicator(s) of alcoholic fatty liver disease. J. Drug Alcohol Res. 2018; 7: 236040(5).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wanga M., Zhanga X., Maa L., Fenga R., Yanb C., Sua H., Hea C., Kangc J.X., Liud B., Wan J. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate ethanol-induced adipose hyperlipolysis: A mechanism for hepatoprotective effect against alcoholic liver disease. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis. 2017; 1863 (12): 3190–3201.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wanga M., Zhanga X., Maa L., Fenga R., Yanb C., Sua H., Hea C., Kangc J.X., Liud B., Wan J. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate ethanol-induced adipose hyperlipolysis: A mechanism for hepatoprotective effect against alcoholic liver disease. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis. 2017; 1863 (12): 3190–3201.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhong Z., Lemasters J.J. A Unifying hypothesis linking hepatic adaptations for ethanol metabolism to the proinflammatory and profibrotic events of alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2018; 42 (11): 2072–2089.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhong Z., Lemasters J.J. A Unifying hypothesis linking hepatic adaptations for ethanol metabolism to the proinflammatory and profibrotic events of alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2018; 42 (11): 2072–2089.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo C., Ma J., Zhong Q., Zhao M., Hu T., Chen T., Qiu L., Wen L. Curcumin improves alcoholic fatty liver by inhibiting fatty acid biosynthesis. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2017; 328: 1–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo C., Ma J., Zhong Q., Zhao M., Hu T., Chen T., Qiu L., Wen L. Curcumin improves alcoholic fatty liver by inhibiting fatty acid biosynthesis. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2017; 328: 1–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hasaba A., Cluette-Brown J.E., Laposata M. Stearic acid stimulates FA ethyl ester synthesis in HepG2 cells exposed to ethanol. Lipids. 2003; 38: 1051–1055.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasaba A., Cluette-Brown J.E., Laposata M. Stearic acid stimulates FA ethyl ester synthesis in HepG2 cells exposed to ethanol. Lipids. 2003; 38: 1051–1055.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ziamajidi N., Khaghani S., Hassanzadeh G., Vardasbi S., Ahmadian S., Nowrouzi A., Ghaffari S.M., Abdirad, A. Amelioration by chicory seed extract of diabetes- and oleic acid-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) via modulation of PPARα and SREBP-1. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2013; 58: 198–209.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ziamajidi N., Khaghani S., Hassanzadeh G., Vardasbi S., Ahmadian S., Nowrouzi A., Ghaffari S.M., Abdirad, A. Amelioration by chicory seed extract of diabetes- and oleic acid-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) via modulation of PPARα and SREBP-1. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2013; 58: 198–209.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nanji A.A., French S.W. Dietary linoleic acid is required for development of experimentally induced alcoholic liver injury. Life Sci. 1989; 44: 223–227.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nanji A.A., French S.W. Dietary linoleic acid is required for development of experimentally induced alcoholic liver injury. Life Sci. 1989; 44: 223–227.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lounis M.A., Escoula Q., Veillette C., Bergeron K.F., Ntambi J.M., Mounier C. SCD1 deficiency protects mice against ethanol-induced liver injury. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2016; 1861: 1662–1670.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lounis M.A., Escoula Q., Veillette C., Bergeron K.F., Ntambi J.M., Mounier C. SCD1 deficiency protects mice against ethanol-induced liver injury. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2016; 1861: 1662–1670.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi H., Kokoeva M.V., Inouye K., Tzameli I., Yin H., Flier J.S. TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acidinduced insulin resistance. J. Clin. Invest. 2006; 116: 3015–3025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi H., Kokoeva M.V., Inouye K., Tzameli I., Yin H., Flier J.S. TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acidinduced insulin resistance. J. Clin. Invest. 2006; 116: 3015–3025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leamy A.K., Egnatchik R.A., Young J.D. Molecular mechanisms and the role of saturated fatty acids in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Prog. Lipid Res. 2013; 52 (1): 165–174.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leamy A.K., Egnatchik R.A., Young J.D. Molecular mechanisms and the role of saturated fatty acids in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Prog. Lipid Res. 2013; 52 (1): 165–174.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noguchi Y., Young J.D., Aleman J.O., Hansen M.E., Kelleher J.K., Stephanopoulos G. Effect of anaplerotic fluxes and amino acid availability on hepaticlipoapoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 2009; 284: 33425–33436.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Noguchi Y., Young J.D., Aleman J.O., Hansen M.E., Kelleher J.K., Stephanopoulos G. Effect of anaplerotic fluxes and amino acid availability on hepaticlipoapoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 2009; 284: 33425–33436.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hardy S., El-Assaad W., Przybytkowski E., Joly E., Prentki M., Langelier Y. Saturated fatty acid-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells – A role for cardiolipin. J. Biol. Chem. 2003; 278: 31861–31870.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hardy S., El-Assaad W., Przybytkowski E., Joly E., Prentki M., Langelier Y. Saturated fatty acid-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells – A role for cardiolipin. J. Biol. Chem. 2003; 278: 31861–31870.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turpin S., Lancaster G., Darby I., Febbraio M., Watt M. Apoptosis in skeletalmuscle myotubes is induced by ceramides and is positively related to insulinresistance. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2006; 291: E1341–E1350.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turpin S., Lancaster G., Darby I., Febbraio M., Watt M. Apoptosis in skeletalmuscle myotubes is induced by ceramides and is positively related to insulinresistance. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2006; 291: E1341–E1350.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okere I., Chandler M., McElfresh T., Rennison J.H., Sharov V., Sabbah H.N., Tserng K.Y., Hoit B.D., Ernsberger P., Young M.E., Stanley W.C. Differential effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid diets oncardiomyocyte apoptosis, adipose distribution, and serum leptin. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2006; 291: H38–H44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okere I., Chandler M., McElfresh T., Rennison J.H., Sharov V., Sabbah H.N., Tserng K.Y., Hoit B.D., Ernsberger P., Young M.E., Stanley W.C. Differential effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid diets oncardiomyocyte apoptosis, adipose distribution, and serum leptin. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2006; 291: H38–H44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Srivastava S., Chan C. Application of metabolic flux analysis to identify themechanisms of free fatty acid toxicity to human hepatoma cell line. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008; 99: 399–410.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Srivastava S., Chan C. Application of metabolic flux analysis to identify themechanisms of free fatty acid toxicity to human hepatoma cell line. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008; 99: 399–410.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pagliassotti M., Wei Y., Wang D. Saturated fatty acids induce cytotoxicity inhepatocytes via effects on the endoplasmic reticulum. Obesity Res. 2005; 13: A31–A35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pagliassotti M., Wei Y., Wang D. Saturated fatty acids induce cytotoxicity inhepatocytes via effects on the endoplasmic reticulum. Obesity Res. 2005; 13: A31–A35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borradaile N.M., Han X., Harp J.D., Gale S.E., Ory D.S., Schaffer J.E. Disruption o endoplasmic reticulum structure and integrity in lipotoxic cell death. J. Lipid Res. 2006; 47: 2726–2737.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borradaile N.M., Han X., Harp J.D., Gale S.E., Ory D.S., Schaffer J.E. Disruption o endoplasmic reticulum structure and integrity in lipotoxic cell death. J. Lipid Res. 2006; 47: 2726–2737.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cazanave S.C., Mott J.L., Elmi N.A., Bronk S.F., Werneburg N.W., Akazawa Y., Kahraman A., Garrison S.P., Zambetti G.P., Charlton M.R., Gores G.J. JNK1-dependent PUMA expression contributes to hepatocyte lipoapoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 2009; 284: 26591–26602.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cazanave S.C., Mott J.L., Elmi N.A., Bronk S.F., Werneburg N.W., Akazawa Y., Kahraman A., Garrison S.P., Zambetti G.P., Charlton M.R., Gores G.J. JNK1-dependent PUMA expression contributes to hepatocyte lipoapoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 2009; 284: 26591–26602.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Listenberger L., Han X., Lewis S., Cases S., Farese R.V., Jr., Ory D.S., Schaffer J.E. Triglyceride accumulation protects against fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2003; 100: 3077–3082.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Listenberger L., Han X., Lewis S., Cases S., Farese R.V., Jr., Ory D.S., Schaffer J.E. Triglyceride accumulation protects against fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2003; 100: 3077–3082.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Listenberger L.L., Ory D.S., Schaffer J.E. Palmitateinduced apoptosis can occur through a ceramide-independent pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 2001; 276: 14890– 14895.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Listenberger L.L., Ory D.S., Schaffer J.E. Palmitateinduced apoptosis can occur through a ceramide-independent pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 2001; 276: 14890– 14895.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Enoch H.G., Catala A., Strittmatter P. Mechanism of rat-liver microsomalsteroyl-CoA desaturase – Studies of substrate specificity, enzyme substrate interactions, and function of lipid. J. Biol. Chem. 1976; 251: 5095–5103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Enoch H.G., Catala A., Strittmatter P. Mechanism of rat-liver microsomalsteroyl-CoA desaturase – Studies of substrate specificity, enzyme substrate interactions, and function of lipid. J. Biol. Chem. 1976; 251: 5095–5103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyazaki M., Man W.C., Ntambi J.M. Targeted disruption of stearoyl-CoAdesaturase1 gene in mice causes atrophy of sebaceous and meibomian glandsand depletion of wax esters in the eyelid. J. Nutr. 2001; 131: 2260–2268.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyazaki M., Man W.C., Ntambi J.M. Targeted disruption of stearoyl-CoAdesaturase1 gene in mice causes atrophy of sebaceous and meibomian glandsand depletion of wax esters in the eyelid. J. Nutr. 2001; 131: 2260–2268.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Z.Z., Berk M., McIntyre T.M., Feldstein A.E. Hepatic lipid partitioning and liverdamage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. J. Biol. Chem. 2009; 284: 5637–5644.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Z.Z., Berk M., McIntyre T.M., Feldstein A.E. Hepatic lipid partitioning and liverdamage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. J. Biol. Chem. 2009; 284: 5637–5644.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rizki G., Arnaboldi L., Gabrielli B., Yan J., Lee G.S., Ng R.K., Turner S.M., Badger T.M., Pitas R.E., Maher J.J. Mice fed a lipogenic methionine-choline-deficient diet develop hypermetabolism coincident with hepatic suppression of SCD-1. J. Lipid Res. 2006; 47 (10): 2280–2290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rizki G., Arnaboldi L., Gabrielli B., Yan J., Lee G.S., Ng R.K., Turner S.M., Badger T.M., Pitas R.E., Maher J.J. Mice fed a lipogenic methionine-choline-deficient diet develop hypermetabolism coincident with hepatic suppression of SCD-1. J. Lipid Res. 2006; 47 (10): 2280–2290.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schaffer J.E. Lipotoxicity: when tissues overeat. Cur. Opin. Lipidol. 2003; 14: 281–287.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schaffer J.E. Lipotoxicity: when tissues overeat. Cur. Opin. Lipidol. 2003; 14: 281–287.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clarke S.D. Nonalcoholic steatosis and steatohepatitis. I. Molecular mechanism for polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene transcription. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2001; 281: G865–G869.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clarke S.D. Nonalcoholic steatosis and steatohepatitis. I. Molecular mechanism for polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene transcription. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2001; 281: G865–G869.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delarue J., Lefoll C., Corporeau C., Lucas D. n-3 long chainpolyunsaturated fatty acids: a nutritional tool to prevent in-sulin resistance associated to type 2 diabetes and obesity. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 2004; 44: 289–299.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delarue J., Lefoll C., Corporeau C., Lucas D. n-3 long chainpolyunsaturated fatty acids: a nutritional tool to prevent in-sulin resistance associated to type 2 diabetes and obesity. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 2004; 44: 289–299.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simopoulos A.P. The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2002; 56: 365–379.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simopoulos A.P. The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2002; 56: 365–379.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leonard A.E., Pereira S.L., Sprecher H., Huang Y.S. Elongation of long-chain fatty acids. Prog. Lipid Res. 2004; 43: 36–54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leonard A.E., Pereira S.L., Sprecher H., Huang Y.S. Elongation of long-chain fatty acids. Prog. Lipid Res. 2004; 43: 36–54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tinoco J., Babcock R., Hincenbergs I., Medwadowski B., Miljanich P. Linolenic acid deficiency: changes in fatty acid patterns in female and male rats raised on a linolenic acid deficient diet for two generations. Lipids. 1978; 13: 6–17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tinoco J., Babcock R., Hincenbergs I., Medwadowski B., Miljanich P. Linolenic acid deficiency: changes in fatty acid patterns in female and male rats raised on a linolenic acid deficient diet for two generations. Lipids. 1978; 13: 6–17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Connor W.E., Neuringer M., Lin D.S. Dietary effects on brain fatty acid composition: the reversibility of n-3 fatty acid deficiency and turnover of docosahexaenoic acid in the brain, erythrocytes, and plasma of rhesus monkeys. J. Lipid Res. 1990; 31: 237–247.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Connor W.E., Neuringer M., Lin D.S. Dietary effects on brain fatty acid composition: the reversibility of n-3 fatty acid deficiency and turnover of docosahexaenoic acid in the brain, erythrocytes, and plasma of rhesus monkeys. J. Lipid Res. 1990; 31: 237–247.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greiner R.S., Catalan J.N., Moriguchi T., Salem N.Jr. Docosapentaenoic acid does not completely replace DHA in n-3FA-deficient rats during early development. Lipids. 2003; 38: 431–435.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greiner R.S., Catalan J.N., Moriguchi T., Salem N.Jr. Docosapentaenoic acid does not completely replace DHA in n-3FA-deficient rats during early development. Lipids. 2003; 38: 431–435.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moriguchi T., Loewke J., Garrison M., Catalan J.N., Salem N., Jr. Reversal of docosahexaenoic acid deficiency in the ratbrain, retina, liver, and serum. J. Lipid Res. 2001; 42: 419–427.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moriguchi T., Loewke J., Garrison M., Catalan J.N., Salem N., Jr. Reversal of docosahexaenoic acid deficiency in the ratbrain, retina, liver, and serum. J. Lipid Res. 2001; 42: 419–427.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makrides M., Neumann M.A., Byard R.W., Simmer K., Gibson R.A. Fatty acid composition of brain, retina, and erythrocytes in breast- and formula-fed infants. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1994; 60: 189–194.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makrides M., Neumann M.A., Byard R.W., Simmer K., Gibson R.A. Fatty acid composition of brain, retina, and erythrocytes in breast- and formula-fed infants. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1994; 60: 189–194.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jamieson E.C., Farquharson J., Logan E.C., Farquharson J., Logan R.W., Howatson A.G., Patrick W.J., Weaver L.T., Cockburn F. Infant cerebellar gray and white matter fatty acids in relation to age and diet. Lipids. 1999; 34 (10): 1065–1071.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jamieson E.C., Farquharson J., Logan E.C., Farquharson J., Logan R.W., Howatson A.G., Patrick W.J., Weaver L.T., Cockburn F. Infant cerebellar gray and white matter fatty acids in relation to age and diet. Lipids. 1999; 34 (10): 1065–1071.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Infante J.P., Huszagh V.A. Analysis of the putative role of 24-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids in the biosynthesis ofdocosapentaenoic (22:5n-6) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids. FEBS Lett. 1998; 431: 1–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Infante J.P., Huszagh V.A. Analysis of the putative role of 24-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids in the biosynthesis ofdocosapentaenoic (22:5n-6) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids. FEBS Lett. 1998; 431: 1–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sprecher H. Metabolism of highly unsaturated n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2000; 1486: 219–231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sprecher H. Metabolism of highly unsaturated n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2000; 1486: 219–231.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lim S.Y., Hoshiba J., Salem N., Jr. An extraordinary degree ofstructural specificity is required in neural phospholipids foroptimal brain function: n-6 docosapentaenoic acid substitutionfor docosahexaenoic acid leads to a loss in spatial task performance. J. Neurochem. 2005; 95: 848–857.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lim S.Y., Hoshiba J., Salem N., Jr. An extraordinary degree ofstructural specificity is required in neural phospholipids foroptimal brain function: n-6 docosapentaenoic acid substitutionfor docosahexaenoic acid leads to a loss in spatial task performance. J. Neurochem. 2005; 95: 848–857.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elizondo A., Araya J., Rodrigo R., Poniachik J., Csendes A., Maluenda F., Diaz J.C., Signorini C., Sgherri C., Comporti M., Videla L.A. Polyunsaturated fatty acid pattern in liver and erythrocyte phospholipids from obese patients. Obesity. 2007; 15: 24–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elizondo A., Araya J., Rodrigo R., Poniachik J., Csendes A., Maluenda F., Diaz J.C., Signorini C., Sgherri C., Comporti M., Videla L.A. Polyunsaturated fatty acid pattern in liver and erythrocyte phospholipids from obese patients. Obesity. 2007; 15: 24–31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Das U.N. A defect in the activity of Delta6 and Delta5 desaturases may be a factor predisposing to the development ofinsulin resistance syndrome. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 2005; 72: 343–350.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Das U.N. A defect in the activity of Delta6 and Delta5 desaturases may be a factor predisposing to the development ofinsulin resistance syndrome. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 2005; 72: 343–350.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sui Y.H, Luo W.J., Xu Q.Y., Hua J. Dietary saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid oppositely affect hepatic NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome through regulating nuclear factor-kappa B activation. World J. Gastroenterol. 2016: 22 (8): 2533–2544.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sui Y.H, Luo W.J., Xu Q.Y., Hua J. Dietary saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid oppositely affect hepatic NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome through regulating nuclear factor-kappa B activation. World J. Gastroenterol. 2016: 22 (8): 2533–2544.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Csak T., Ganz M., Pespisa J., Kodys K., Dolganiuc A., Szabo G. Fatty acid and endotoxin activate inflammasomes in mouse hepatocytes that release danger signals to stimulate immune cells. Hepatology. 2011; 54 (1): 133–144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Csak T., Ganz M., Pespisa J., Kodys K., Dolganiuc A., Szabo G. Fatty acid and endotoxin activate inflammasomes in mouse hepatocytes that release danger signals to stimulate immune cells. Hepatology. 2011; 54 (1): 133–144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
