aterosklerozАтеросклерозAteroscleroz2078-256X2949-3633НИИТПМ-филиал ИЦиГ СО РАН10.15372/ATER20190409ateroskleroz-369Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSДислипидемии в детском и подростковом возрастеDyslipidemia in children and adolescentsТрошинаМ. С.TroshinaM. S.

Трошина Мария Сергеевна – ординатор по специальности «терапия», м.н.с. лаборатории генетических и средовых детерминант жизненного цикла человека

630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1

630089, Novosibirsk, Boris Bogatkov str., 175/1

mari_tr@mail.ruДенисоваД. В.DenisovaD. V.

Денисова Диана Вахтанговна – д-р мед. наук, в.н.с. лаборатории профилактической медицины, руководитель Центра здоровья подростков

630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1

630089, Novosibirsk, Boris Bogatkov str., 175/1

denisovadiana@gmail.comНИИ терапии и профилактической медицины – филиал ФГБУ ФИЦ Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАНРоссияResearch Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RASRussian Federation2019250420201548590Copyright © Трошина М.С., Денисова Д.В., 20202020Трошина М.С., Денисова Д.В.Troshina M.S., Denisova D.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ateroskleroz.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/369

Профилактика заболеваний зрелого возраста с детства – одна из важнейших целей в современной медицине. Особенно это актуально в отношении сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, которые занимают первое место в структуре смертности в мире, в том числе в Российской Федерации. Начальные проявления атеросклероза формируются уже в подростковом периоде. Нарушение обмена липидов – дислипидемия (ДЛП) – предшествует появлению атеросклероза. У 40–55 % детей с ДЛП будут диагностироваться нарушения липидного профиля и в старшем возрасте. В настоящем обзоре представлены данные о распространенности ДЛП, причинах и особенностях терапии в детском возрасте.

Prevention of adult diseases from childhood is one of the most important goals in modern medicine. This is especially true talking about cardiovascular diseases, which take first place in the structure of mortality in the world, including in the Russian Federation. The initial manifestations of atherosclerosis may be formed in early life period. Lipid disorders – dyslipidemia – precedes the appearance of atherosclerosis. 40–55 % of children with dyslipidemia are more likely to have lipid disorders in adulthood too. This review presents data on the prevalence of dyslipidemia, on the causes and therapy features in childhood.

липидный профиль кровидислипидемииподросткимедикаментозная терапияпрофилактикаblood lipid profiledyslipidemiaadolescentsdrug therapypreventionИсследование выполнено в рамках бюджетной темы «Формирование когорт детского, подросткового, молодого населения для изучения механизмов и особенностей жизненного цикла человека в российской популяции» АААА-А19119101490005-5 и при поддержке гранта РФФИ 19-013-00800 «Многолетняя динамика избыточной массы тела среди молодых россиян: оценка вклада генетических, поведенческих и социально-экономических факторов в рост распространенности ожирения в России».ReferencesHaney E.M., Huffman L.H., Bougatsos C. et al. Screening and treatment for lipid disorders in children and adolescents: systematic evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force // Pediatrics. 2007. Vol. 120, N 1. P. e189-e214.Haney E.M., Huffman L.H., Bougatsos C. et al. Screening and treatment for lipid disorders in children and adolescents: systematic evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force // Pediatrics. 2007. Vol. 120, N 1. P. e189-e214.Туркина Т.И., Щербакова В.Ю. Особенности дислипидемии у детей // Рац. фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2011. Т. 7, № 1. С. 65–69.Туркина Т.И., Щербакова В.Ю. Особенности дислипидемии у детей // Рац. фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2011. Т. 7, № 1. С. 65–69.Eckel R.H., Jakicic J.M., Ard J.D. et al. 2013 AHA/ ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines // Circulation. 2014. Vol. 129, N 25, Suppl. 2. P. S76–S99.Eckel R.H., Jakicic J.M., Ard J.D. et al. 2013 AHA/ ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines // Circulation. 2014. Vol. 129, N 25, Suppl. 2. P. S76–S99.Giuliano I.C.B., Caramelli B. Dislipidemias na infância e adolescên-cia // Pediatria. 2008. Vol. 29. P. 275–285.Giuliano I.C.B., Caramelli B. Dislipidemias na infância e adolescên-cia // Pediatria. 2008. Vol. 29. P. 275–285.Кардиоваскулярная профилактика. Национальные рекомендации // Кардиоваскуляр. терапия и профилактика. 2011. Т. 10, № 6, Прил. 2. С. 1–64.Кардиоваскулярная профилактика. Национальные рекомендации // Кардиоваскуляр. терапия и профилактика. 2011. Т. 10, № 6, Прил. 2. С. 1–64.American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition. Cholesterol in childhood // Pediatrics. 1998. Vol. 101, N 1, Pt. 1. P. 141–147.American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition. Cholesterol in childhood // Pediatrics. 1998. Vol. 101, N 1, Pt. 1. P. 141–147.Lozano P., Henrikson N.B., Morrison C.C. et al. Lipid screening in childhood and adolescence for detection of multifactorial dyslipidemia: Evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force // JAMA. 2016. Vol. 31, N 6. P. 634–644.Lozano P., Henrikson N.B., Morrison C.C. et al. Lipid screening in childhood and adolescence for detection of multifactorial dyslipidemia: Evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force // JAMA. 2016. Vol. 31, N 6. P. 634–644.Magnussen C.G., Raitakari O.T., Thomson R. et al. Utility of currently recommended pediatric dyslipidemia classifications in predicting dyslipidemia in adulthood: Evidence from the childhood determinants of adult health (CDAH) study, cardiovascular risk in young finns study, and bogalusa heart study // Circulation. 2008. Vol. 117. P. 32–42.Magnussen C.G., Raitakari O.T., Thomson R. et al. Utility of currently recommended pediatric dyslipidemia classifications in predicting dyslipidemia in adulthood: Evidence from the childhood determinants of adult health (CDAH) study, cardiovascular risk in young finns study, and bogalusa heart study // Circulation. 2008. Vol. 117. P. 32–42.Fredrickson D.S. Die Klassifikation und Behandlung der Hyperlipidamien // Hyperlipidamien. Hsgb. G. Berg. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme, 1971. S. 7.Fredrickson D.S. Die Klassifikation und Behandlung der Hyperlipidamien // Hyperlipidamien. Hsgb. G. Berg. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme, 1971. S. 7.Kavey R.E., Daniels S.R., Lauer R.M. et al. American Heart Association guidelines for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease beginning in childhood // Circulation. 2003. Vol. 107. P. 1562–1566.Kavey R.E., Daniels S.R., Lauer R.M. et al. American Heart Association guidelines for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease beginning in childhood // Circulation. 2003. Vol. 107. P. 1562–1566.National Cholesterol Educational Program. Report of the expert panel on blood cholesterol levels in children and adolescents // Pediatrics. 1992. Vol. 89, Suppl. P. 525–584.National Cholesterol Educational Program. Report of the expert panel on blood cholesterol levels in children and adolescents // Pediatrics. 1992. Vol. 89, Suppl. P. 525–584.Jolliffe C.J., Janssen I. Distribution of lipoproteins by age and gender in adolescents // Circulation. 2006. Vol. 114. P. 1056–1062.Jolliffe C.J., Janssen I. Distribution of lipoproteins by age and gender in adolescents // Circulation. 2006. Vol. 114. P. 1056–1062.Cook S., Auinger P., Huang T.T. Growth curves for cardio-metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents // J. Pediatr. 2009. Vol. 155, N 3, Suppl. 6. P. 6.e15–6.e26.Cook S., Auinger P., Huang T.T. Growth curves for cardio-metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents // J. Pediatr. 2009. Vol. 155, N 3, Suppl. 6. P. 6.e15–6.e26.de Ferranti S.D. Childhood cholesterol disorders: The iceberg base or nondisease? // Med. Clin. North Am. 2012. Vol. 96. P. 141–154.de Ferranti S.D. Childhood cholesterol disorders: The iceberg base or nondisease? // Med. Clin. North Am. 2012. Vol. 96. P. 141–154.Демографический ежегодник России: стат. сб. Росстат. М., 2015. 263 с.Демографический ежегодник России: стат. сб. Росстат. М., 2015. 263 с.Gaziano T.A., Bitton A., Anand S. et al. Growing epidemic of coronary heart disease in low-and middle-income countries // Curr. Probl. Cardiol. 2010. Vol. 35. P. 72–115.Gaziano T.A., Bitton A., Anand S. et al. Growing epidemic of coronary heart disease in low-and middle-income countries // Curr. Probl. Cardiol. 2010. Vol. 35. P. 72–115.Esteghamati A., Khalilzadeh O., Mohammad K. et al. Secular trends of obesity in Iran between 1999 and 2007: National Surveys of Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases // Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord. 2010. Vol. 8. P. 209–213.Esteghamati A., Khalilzadeh O., Mohammad K. et al. Secular trends of obesity in Iran between 1999 and 2007: National Surveys of Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases // Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord. 2010. Vol. 8. P. 209–213.Vaz J.D.S., Buffarini R., Kac G. et al. Dietary patterns are associated with blood lipids at 18-year-olds: a cross-sectional analysis nested in the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort // Nutr. J. 2018. Vol. 17, N 1. P. 77.Vaz J.D.S., Buffarini R., Kac G. et al. Dietary patterns are associated with blood lipids at 18-year-olds: a cross-sectional analysis nested in the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort // Nutr. J. 2018. Vol. 17, N 1. P. 77.de Alcântara Neto O.D., Silva R., Assis A.M., Pinto Ede J. Factors associated with dyslipidemia in children and adolescents enrolled in public schools of Salvador, Bahia // Rev. Bras. Epidemiol. 2012. Vol. 15. P. 335–345.de Alcântara Neto O.D., Silva R., Assis A.M., Pinto Ede J. Factors associated with dyslipidemia in children and adolescents enrolled in public schools of Salvador, Bahia // Rev. Bras. Epidemiol. 2012. Vol. 15. P. 335–345.Misra A., Shrivastava u. Obesity and dyslipidemia in South Asians // Nutrients. 2013. Vol. 5. P. 2708–2733.Misra A., Shrivastava u. Obesity and dyslipidemia in South Asians // Nutrients. 2013. Vol. 5. P. 2708–2733.Ochoa-Avilés A., Andrade S., Huynh T. et al. Prevalence and socioeconomic differences of risk factors of cardiovascular disease in Ecuadorian adolescents // Pediatr. Obes. 2012. Vol. 7. P. 274–283.Ochoa-Avilés A., Andrade S., Huynh T. et al. Prevalence and socioeconomic differences of risk factors of cardiovascular disease in Ecuadorian adolescents // Pediatr. Obes. 2012. Vol. 7. P. 274–283.Hovsepian S., Kelishadi R., Djalalinia S. et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in Iranian children and adolescents: A systematic review // J. Res. Med. Sci. 2015. Vol. 20, N 5. P. 503–521.Hovsepian S., Kelishadi R., Djalalinia S. et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in Iranian children and adolescents: A systematic review // J. Res. Med. Sci. 2015. Vol. 20, N 5. P. 503–521.Rerksuppaphol S., Rerksuppaphol L. et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in Thai schoolchildren // J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 2011. Vol. 94. P. 710–715.Rerksuppaphol S., Rerksuppaphol L. et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in Thai schoolchildren // J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 2011. Vol. 94. P. 710–715.Sapunar J., Aguilar-Farías N., Navarro J. et al. High prevalence of dyslipidemia and high atherogenic index of plasma in children and adolescents // Rev. Med. Chil. 2018. Vol. 146, N 10. P. 1112–1122.Sapunar J., Aguilar-Farías N., Navarro J. et al. High prevalence of dyslipidemia and high atherogenic index of plasma in children and adolescents // Rev. Med. Chil. 2018. Vol. 146, N 10. P. 1112–1122.Nielsen T., Lausten-Thomsen u., Fonvig C.E. et al. Dyslipidemia and reference values for fasting plasma lipid concentrations in Danish/North-European White children and adolescents // BMC Pediatr. 2017. Vol. 17, N 1. ID 116.Nielsen T., Lausten-Thomsen u., Fonvig C.E. et al. Dyslipidemia and reference values for fasting plasma lipid concentrations in Danish/North-European White children and adolescents // BMC Pediatr. 2017. Vol. 17, N 1. ID 116.Elmaoğulları S., Tepe D., uçaktürk S.A. et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated factors in obese children and adolescents // J. Clin. Res. Pediatr. Endocrinol. 2015. Vol. 7, N 3. P. 228–234.Elmaoğulları S., Tepe D., uçaktürk S.A. et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated factors in obese children and adolescents // J. Clin. Res. Pediatr. Endocrinol. 2015. Vol. 7, N 3. P. 228–234.Dathan-Stumpf A., Vogel M., Hiemisch A. et al. Pediatric reference data of serum lipids and prevalence of dyslipidemia: Results from a population-based cohort in Germany // Clin. Biochem. 2016. Vol. 49, N 1011. P. 740–749.Dathan-Stumpf A., Vogel M., Hiemisch A. et al. Pediatric reference data of serum lipids and prevalence of dyslipidemia: Results from a population-based cohort in Germany // Clin. Biochem. 2016. Vol. 49, N 1011. P. 740–749.Kit B.K., Kuklina E., Carroll M.D. et al. Prevalence of and trends in dyslipidemia and blood pressure among US children and adolescents, 1999–2012 // JAMA Pediatr. 2015. Vol. 169, N 3. P. 272–279.Kit B.K., Kuklina E., Carroll M.D. et al. Prevalence of and trends in dyslipidemia and blood pressure among US children and adolescents, 1999–2012 // JAMA Pediatr. 2015. Vol. 169, N 3. P. 272–279.Perak A.M., Ning H., Kit B.K. et al. Trends in levels of lipids and apolipoprotein B in US youths aged 6 to 19 years, 1999–2016 // JAMA. 2019. Vol. 321, N 19. P. 1895–1905.Perak A.M., Ning H., Kit B.K. et al. Trends in levels of lipids and apolipoprotein B in US youths aged 6 to 19 years, 1999–2016 // JAMA. 2019. Vol. 321, N 19. P. 1895–1905.Денисова Д.В., Завьялова Л.Г., Иванова М.В. Атерогенные дислипопротеидемии в подростковом возрасте: многолетние популяционные исследования в Новосибирске (1989–2009) // Атеросклероз. 2012. Т. 1, N 8. С. 5–13.Денисова Д.В., Завьялова Л.Г., Иванова М.В. Атерогенные дислипопротеидемии в подростковом возрасте: многолетние популяционные исследования в Новосибирске (1989–2009) // Атеросклероз. 2012. Т. 1, N 8. С. 5–13.Денисова Д.В., Завьялова Л.Г. Многолетние тренды некоторых показателей физического развития подростков Новосибирска (популяционные исследования 1989–2009 гг.) // Бюл. СО РАМН. 2011. Т. 31, № 5. С. 84–89.Денисова Д.В., Завьялова Л.Г. Многолетние тренды некоторых показателей физического развития подростков Новосибирска (популяционные исследования 1989–2009 гг.) // Бюл. СО РАМН. 2011. Т. 31, № 5. С. 84–89.Малявская С.И., Лебедев А.В. Особенности дислипидемий у детей и подростков г. Архангельска // Лечение и профилактика. 2014. № 9. С. 36–41.Малявская С.И., Лебедев А.В. Особенности дислипидемий у детей и подростков г. Архангельска // Лечение и профилактика. 2014. № 9. С. 36–41.Bamba V. Update on screening, etiology, and treatment of dyslipidemia in children // J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2014. Vol. 99, N 9. P. 3093–3102.Bamba V. Update on screening, etiology, and treatment of dyslipidemia in children // J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2014. Vol. 99, N 9. P. 3093–3102.Usifo E., Leigh S.E., Whittall R.A. et al. Low-density lipoprotein receptor gene familial hypercholesterolemia variant database: update and pathological assessment // Ann. Hum. Genet. 2012. Vol. 76. P. 387–401.Usifo E., Leigh S.E., Whittall R.A. et al. Low-density lipoprotein receptor gene familial hypercholesterolemia variant database: update and pathological assessment // Ann. Hum. Genet. 2012. Vol. 76. P. 387–401.Ежов М.В., Бажан С.С., Ершова А.И. и др. Клинические рекомендации по семейной гиперхолестеринемии // Атеросклероз и дислипидемии. 2019. № 1. С. 5–43.Ежов М.В., Бажан С.С., Ершова А.И. и др. Клинические рекомендации по семейной гиперхолестеринемии // Атеросклероз и дислипидемии. 2019. № 1. С. 5–43.World Health Organization et al. Global recommendations on physical activity for health. 2010.World Health Organization et al. Global recommendations on physical activity for health. 2010.Quivers E.S., Driscoll D.J., Garvey C.D. et al. Variability in response to a low-fat low-cholesterol diet in children with elevated LDL–cholesterol levels // Pediatrics. 1992. Vol. 89. P. 925–929.Quivers E.S., Driscoll D.J., Garvey C.D. et al. Variability in response to a low-fat low-cholesterol diet in children with elevated LDL–cholesterol levels // Pediatrics. 1992. Vol. 89. P. 925–929.Daniels S.R., Gidding S.S., de Ferranti S.D. Pediatric aspects of familial hypercholesterolemias: recommendations from the National Lipid Association Expert Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolemia // J. Clin. Lipidol. 2011. Vol. 5. P. S30–S37.Daniels S.R., Gidding S.S., de Ferranti S.D. Pediatric aspects of familial hypercholesterolemias: recommendations from the National Lipid Association Expert Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolemia // J. Clin. Lipidol. 2011. Vol. 5. P. S30–S37.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.