<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ateroskleroz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Атеросклероз</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ateroscleroz</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-256X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-3633</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИИТПМ-филиал ИЦиГ СО РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ateroskleroz-3</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВЛИЯНИЕ СЕСКВИТЕРПЕНОВОГО γ-ЛАКТОНА АХИЛЛИНА НА УРОВЕНЬ ЛИПИДОВ И ЭКСПРЕССИЮ мРНК КЛЮЧЕВЫХ ГЕНОВ МЕТАБОЛИЗМА ЛИПИДОВ В КЛЕТОЧНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ ГЕПАТОМЫ ЛИНИИ HTC</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EFFECT OF SESQUITERPENE γ-LACTONE ACHILLIN ON LEVEL OF LIPIDS AND EXPRESSI ON mRNA OF KEY GENES OF LIPID MET ABOLISM IN HEPATOMA TISSUE CULTURE (HTC)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пфаргер</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pfarger</surname><given-names>Iu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ратькин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ratkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кайдаш</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaidash</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганов</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsyganov</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чучалин</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuchalin</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адекенов</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Adekenov</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новицкий</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novitsky</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рязанцева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryazantseva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет»; Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Томский научно-исследовательский институт онкологии»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tomsk State University; Tomsk Cancer Research Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Акционерное общество «Международный научно-производственный холдинг «Фитохимия»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC “International scientific- industrial holding” Phytochemistry”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пфаргер Ю.А., Иванов В.В., Ратькин А.В., Кайдаш О.А., Цыганов М.М., Чучалин В.С., Адекенов С.М., Новицкий В.В., Рязанцева Н.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пфаргер Ю.А., Иванов В.В., Ратькин А.В., Кайдаш О.А., Цыганов М.М., Чучалин В.С., Адекенов С.М., Новицкий В.В., Рязанцева Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pfarger I.A., Ivanov V.V., Ratkin A.V., Kaidash O.A., Tsyganov M.M., Chuchalin V.S., Adekenov S.M., Novitsky V.V., Ryazantseva N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ateroskleroz.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3">https://ateroskleroz.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования. Изучить влияние сесквитерпенового γ-лактона ахиллина на содержание липидов и экспрессию мРНК ключевых генов метаболизма липидов в клетках гепатомы линии НТС при экспериментальной гиперлипидемии. Материалы и методы. Экспериментальную гиперлипидемию в культуре гепатомы моделировали добавлением в инкубационную среду жировой эмульсии липофундина МСТ/ЛСТ в конечной концентрации 0,05 %. Через 48 ч инкубации клеточной культуры НТС с ахиллином в концентрации 500 мкМ исследовали жизнеспособность клеток с помощью МТТ-теста и оценивали уровень в них общих липидов флуоресцентным методом с витальным красителем Nile Red и содержание триацилглицеролов (ТАГ) и холестерола ферментативным методом. РНК из клеток выделяли с помощью набора Illustra RNAspin Mini RNA Isolation Kit («GE Healthcare»). Уровень экспрессии мРНК ключевых генов метаболизма липидов оценивали при помощи количественной полимеразной цепной реакции с обратной транскрипцией в реальном времени по технологии TaqMan. Результаты. Инкубация клеток с липофундином МСТ/ЛСТ (0,05 %) приводило к увеличению интенсивности флуоресценции Nile Red в клетках и повышению в них уровня ТАГ. Ахиллин в концентрации 500 мкМ не оказывал цитотоксического действия на клеточную культуру НТС и приводил к уменьшению содержания холестерола и ТАГ в клетках при гиперлипидемии индуцированной липофундином. Это сопровождалось снижением интенсивности флуоресценции красителя Nile Red в клетках. В культуре гепатомы ахиллин повышал экспрессию мРНК генов карнитин-пальмитоилтрансферазы 1 ( Cpt1a ) и 2 ( Cpt2 ), 7-альфа-гидроксилазы ( Cyp7a1) и 3-гидрокси-3-метилглутарил КоА редуктазы (Hmgcr ). На экспрессию гена ацилКоА холестерол ацилтрансферазы ( Soat1 ) ахиллин оказывал ингибирующее влияние. Заключение. Снижение содержания холестерола, ТАГ и интенсивности флуоресценции Nile Red в клетках гепатомы при экспериментальной гиперлипидемии под действием ахиллина в концентрации 500 мкМ может быть обусловлено увеличением экспрессии генов карнитин-пальмитоилтрансферазы 1 и 2; 7-альфа-гидроксилазы, что способствует увеличению транспорта жирных кислот в митохондрии и синтезу из холестерола желчных кислот. Наряду с этим, ингибирование гена ацилКоА холестерол ацилтрансферазы способствует уменьшению образования эфиров холестерола и их накоплению в гепатоцитах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective. To study the effect of sesquiterpene γ-lactone achillin on the lipid content and mRNA expression of key genes of lipid metabolism in the hepatoma tissue cell line HTC in the experimental hyperlipidemia. Materials and methods. The experimental hyperlipidaemia in HTC cells simulated by adding fat emulsion Lipofundin MCT/LCT at a final concentration 0.05 % to the incubation medium. After 48 h of incubating cell culture with achillin at the final concentration 500 μM the cell viability was investigated by using the MTT assay and assessed level of lipids by fluorescent vital stain Nile Red and the content of triacylglycerols (TAG) and cholesterol by enzymatic method. RNA was isolated from cells using the set Illustra RNAspin Mini RNA Isolation Kit («GE Healthcare»). The level of mRNA expression of key genes in lipid metabolism was assessed using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription by TaqMan technology. Results. Incubation cells with Lipofundin MCT/LCT (0.05%) resulted in an increase in the fluorescence intensity of Nile Red and increase the levels of TAG in cells. Achill (500 µM) had no cytotoxic effect on HTC cell and led to reduction of cholesterol and TAG in cells with hyperlipidemia induced by Lipofundin. This was accompanied by a decrease in fluorescence intensity of Nile Red dye in the cells. In the hepatoma culture achillin increased gene expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Cpt1a) and 2 (Cpt2) , 7-alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (Hmgcr) . On expression of gene acetyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (Soat1) achill had an inhibitory effect. Conclusion. Lowering of cholesterol, TAG and Nile Red fluorescence intensity in hepatoma cells in experimental hyperlipidemia under the action of achillin in the final concentration 500 µM could be caused by increase of gene expression carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and 2; 7-alpha-hydroxylase, which contributes to increase the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria, and synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol. In addition, inhibition of acetyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase helps to reduce the formation of cholesterol esters and their accumulation in the hepatocytes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сесквитерпеновый γ-лактон ахиллин</kwd><kwd>гемфиброзил</kwd><kwd>культура гепатомы линии HTC</kwd><kwd>МТТ-тест</kwd><kwd>экспрессия мРНК</kwd><kwd>гены метаболизма липидов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Nile Red</kwd><kwd>sesquiterpene γ-lactone aсhillin</kwd><kwd>gemfibrozil</kwd><kwd>hepatoma tissue culture (HTC)</kwd><kwd>MTT assay</kwd><kwd>Nile Red</kwd><kwd>mRNA expression</kwd><kwd>genes of lipid metabolism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буеверова Е. Л., Драпкина О. М., Ивашкин В. Т. Атерогенная дислипидемия и печень // Рос. мед. вести. 2008. Т. 13, № 1. С. 17-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Буеверова Е. Л., Драпкина О. М., Ивашкин В. Т. Атерогенная дислипидемия и печень // Рос. мед. вести. 2008. Т. 13, № 1. С. 17-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Адекенов С. М., Гафуров Н. М., Турмухамбетов А. Ж., Ивлев В. И. Терпеноиды Achillea micrantha // Химия природных соединений. 1987. № 2. С. 305-306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Адекенов С. М., Гафуров Н. М., Турмухамбетов А. Ж., Ивлев В. И. Терпеноиды Achillea micrantha // Химия природных соединений. 1987. № 2. С. 305-306.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ратькин А. В., Кайдаш О. А., Пфаргер Ю. А. и др. Гиполипидемическое действия сесквитерпеновых лактонов арглабина и ахиллина на модели острой гиперлипидемии // Сиб. мед. обоз. 2014. Т. 5, № 89. С. 40-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ратькин А. В., Кайдаш О. А., Пфаргер Ю. А. и др. Гиполипидемическое действия сесквитерпеновых лактонов арглабина и ахиллина на модели острой гиперлипидемии // Сиб. мед. обоз. 2014. Т. 5, № 89. С. 40-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ilan E., Tirosh О., Madar Z. Triacylglycerol-mediated oxidative stress inhibits nitric oxide production in rat isolated hepatocytes // J. Nutr. 2005. Vol. 135, N 9. P. 2090-2095.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilan E., Tirosh О., Madar Z. Triacylglycerol-mediated oxidative stress inhibits nitric oxide production in rat isolated hepatocytes // J. Nutr. 2005. Vol. 135, N 9. P. 2090-2095.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tirosh O., Ilan E., Anavi S. et al. Nutritional lipid-induced oxidative stress leads to mitochondrial dysfunction followed by necrotic death in FaO hepatocytes // Nutrition. 2009. Vol. 25. P. 200-208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tirosh O., Ilan E., Anavi S. et al. Nutritional lipid-induced oxidative stress leads to mitochondrial dysfunction followed by necrotic death in FaO hepatocytes // Nutrition. 2009. Vol. 25. P. 200-208.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shen Ch., Meng Q., Schmelzer E., Bader A. Gel entrapment culture of rat hepatocytes for investigation of tetracycline-induced toxicity // Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2009. Vol. 238. P. 178-187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shen Ch., Meng Q., Schmelzer E., Bader A. Gel entrapment culture of rat hepatocytes for investigation of tetracycline-induced toxicity // Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2009. Vol. 238. P. 178-187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Folch J., Lees M., Sloane Stanley G. H. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues // J. Biol. Chem. 1957. Vol. 226. P. 497-509.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Folch J., Lees M., Sloane Stanley G. H. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues // J. Biol. Chem. 1957. Vol. 226. P. 497-509.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pfaffl M. W. A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR // Nucleic. Acids. Res. 2001. Vol. 29, N 9. P. e45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pfaffl M. W. A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR // Nucleic. Acids. Res. 2001. Vol. 29, N 9. P. e45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldstein J. L., Bose-Boyd R. A., Brown M. S. Protein sensors for membrane sterols // Cell. 2006. Vol. 124. P. 35-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldstein J. L., Bose-Boyd R. A., Brown M. S. Protein sensors for membrane sterols // Cell. 2006. Vol. 124. P. 35-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y. M., Zhang B., Xue Y. et al. The mechanism of dietary cholesterol effects on lipids metabolism in rats // Lipids Health. Dis. 2010. Vol. 9, N. 4. Р. 1-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y. M., Zhang B., Xue Y. et al. The mechanism of dietary cholesterol effects on lipids metabolism in rats // Lipids Health. Dis. 2010. Vol. 9, N. 4. Р. 1-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee M. K., Moon S. S. et al. Naringenin 7 O-cetyl ether as inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase and modulator of plasma and hepatic lipids in highcholesterol-fed rats // Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2003. Vol. 11, № 3. P. 393-398.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee M. K., Moon S. S. et al. Naringenin 7 O-cetyl ether as inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase and modulator of plasma and hepatic lipids in highcholesterol-fed rats // Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2003. Vol. 11, № 3. P. 393-398.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyazaki A., Sakai M., Sakamoto Y., Horiuchi S. Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors for controlling hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis // Curr. Opin. Investig. Drags. 2003. Vol. 4, N 9. Р. 1095-1099.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyazaki A., Sakai M., Sakamoto Y., Horiuchi S. Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors for controlling hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis // Curr. Opin. Investig. Drags. 2003. Vol. 4, N 9. Р. 1095-1099.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Z. Y., Jiao R., Ma K. Y. Cholesterol-lowering nutraceuticals and functional foods // J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008. Vol. 56, N 19. P. 8761-8773.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Z. Y., Jiao R., Ma K. Y. Cholesterol-lowering nutraceuticals and functional foods // J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008. Vol. 56, N 19. P. 8761-8773.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roglans N., Peris C., Verd J. C. et al. Increase in hepatic expression of SREBP 2 by gemfibrozil administration to rats // Biochem. Pharmacol. 2001. Vol. 62, N 6. P. 803-809.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roglans N., Peris C., Verd J. C. et al. Increase in hepatic expression of SREBP 2 by gemfibrozil administration to rats // Biochem. Pharmacol. 2001. Vol. 62, N 6. P. 803-809.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gbaguidi G. F., Agellon L. B. The inhibition of the human cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) promoter by fibrates in cultured cells is mediated via the liver x receptor alpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha heterodimer // Nucleic. Acids Res. 2004. Vol. 32, № 3. P. 1113-1121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gbaguidi G. F., Agellon L. B. The inhibition of the human cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) promoter by fibrates in cultured cells is mediated via the liver x receptor alpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha heterodimer // Nucleic. Acids Res. 2004. Vol. 32, № 3. P. 1113-1121.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonnefont J. P. et al. Carnitine palmitoyltransferases 1 and 2: biochemical, molecular and medical aspects // Mol. Aspects Med. 2004. Vol. 24, N 5-6. P. 495-520.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonnefont J. P. et al. Carnitine palmitoyltransferases 1 and 2: biochemical, molecular and medical aspects // Mol. Aspects Med. 2004. Vol. 24, N 5-6. P. 495-520.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Munday M. R., Hemingway C. J. The regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase--a potential target for the action of hypolipidemic agents // Adv. Enzyme. Regul. 1999. Vol. 39. P. 205-234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Munday M. R., Hemingway C. J. The regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase--a potential target for the action of hypolipidemic agents // Adv. Enzyme. Regul. 1999. Vol. 39. P. 205-234.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
