<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ateroskleroz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Атеросклероз</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ateroscleroz</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-256X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-3633</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИИТПМ-филиал ИЦиГ СО РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52727/2078-256X-2026-22-1-41-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ateroskleroz-1172</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ассоциации холестерина, не входящего в состав липопротеинов высокой плотности, с наличием и риском сахарного диабета 2 типа в городской сибирской популяции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Associations of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with the prevalence and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in an urban siberian population</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4030-6130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонова</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonova</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Ильинична Симонова, д-р мед. наук, проф., главный научный сотрудник лаборатории этиопатогенеза и клиники внутренних заболеваний</p><p>630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina I. Simonova, doctor of medical sciences, professor, chief researcher of the laboratory of etiopathogenesis and the clinic of internal diseases</p><p>175/1, Boris Bogatkov st., Novosibirsk, 630089 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g.simonova2019@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9270-9188</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лилия Валерьевна Щербакова, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинико-популяционных и профилактических исследований терапевтических и эндокринных заболеваний</p><p>630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lilia V. Shcherbakova, senior researcher at the laboratory of clinical, population and preventive research of therapeutic and endocrine diseases</p><p>175/1, Boris Bogatkov st., Novosibirsk, 630089 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">9584792@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-9712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каширина</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashirina</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Петровна Каширина, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетических и средовых детерминант жизненного цикла человека</p><p>630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia P. Kashirina, junior researcher at the laboratory of genetic and environmental determinants of the human life cycle</p><p>175/1, Boris Bogatkov st., Novosibirsk, 630089 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kashrina_a_p_91@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6539-0466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малютина</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyutina</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Софья Константиновна Малютина, д-р мед. наук, проф., главный научный сотрудник, зав. лабораторией этиопатогенеза и клиники внутренних заболеваний</p><p>630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofya K. Malyutina, doctor of medical sciences, professor, head of the laboratory of etiopathogenesis and the clinic of internal diseases</p><p>175/1, Boris Bogatkov st., Novosibirsk, 630089 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smalyutina@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Симонова Г.И., Щербакова Л.В., Каширина А.П., Малютина С.К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Симонова Г.И., Щербакова Л.В., Каширина А.П., Малютина С.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Simonova G.I., Shcherbakova L.V., Kashirina A.P., Malyutina S.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ateroskleroz.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1172">https://ateroskleroz.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1172</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – изучить ассоциации уровней холестерина липопротеинов невысокой плотности (ХС неЛПВП) и коэффициента атерогенности (КА = ХС неЛПВП/ХС ЛПВП) с наличием и риском развития сахарного диабета 2 типа (СД2) в популяции 45–69 лет г. Новосибирска.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. На материалах проекта HAPIEE (2003–2005 гг.) оценен шанс (ОШ) наличия СД2 в кросс-секционном исследовании (n = 9360) и риск (ОР) новых случаев СД2 в когорте (n = 3048, период наблюдения – 14,6 ± 0,7 года) при разных уровнях ХС неЛПВП. Риск СД2 оценивался с помощью многофакторного логистического регрессионного анализа с последовательной стандартизацией в квартилях (Qi) липидных показателей.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В кросс-секционном анализе ХС неЛПВП ≥ 4,5 ммоль/л ассоциирован с повышенным шансом наличия СД2 при сопутствующей гипертриглицеридемии (ОШ = 1,31; р = 0,001), независимо от пола, возраста и индекса массы тела (ИМТ). В проспективном когортном анализе повышение ХС неЛПВП на 1 ммоль/л увеличивало риск СД2 на 25 % у мужчин и 14 % у женщин; рост КА на 1 единицу – на 41 и 28 % соответственно. При квартильном сравнении у мужчин ХС неЛПВП ≥ 4,5 против &lt; 3,6 ммоль/л повышал риск развития СД2 в 1,7 раза после коррекции на возраст, курение, потребление алкоголя, семейный анамнез СД, артериальную гипртензию (АГ), за исключением окружности талии (ОТ). У женщин ХС неЛПВП ≥ 5,6 против &lt; 3,9 ммоль/л в 1,4 раза после поправки на аналогичные факторы, за исключением АГ и ОТ. У мужчин КА ≥ 3,2 против &lt; 2,4 удваивал риск СД2, у женщин показатели ≥ 3,1 против &lt; 2,4 повышали его в 1,6 раза при стандартизации по возрасту, по факторам риска закономерности сохранялись, за исключением ОТ.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В одномоментном исследовании уровни ХС неЛПВП ≥ 4,5 ммоль/л ассоциированы с ростом шанса наличия СД2 при гипертриглицеридемии ≥ 1,7 ммоль/л независимо от пола, возраста и ИМТ. В проспективном исследовании гиперхолестеринемия неЛПВП ассоциирована с повышенным риском развития СД2 при поправке на множественные факторы, за исключением ОТ у мужчин, АГ и ОТ – у женщин. Аналогичная закономерность получена по связи КА с риском СД2 при коррекции по тем же ковариатам, за исключением ОТ для обоих полов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim – to investigate the associations of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels and atherogenic coefficient (AC) – defined as the ratio of non-HDL-C to HDL-C–with the prevalence and risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a population aged 45–69 years in Novosibirsk.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Using data from the HAPIEE project (2003–2005), we assessed the odds ratio (OR) for prevalent T2DM in a cross-sectional analysis (n = 9.360) and the risk (OR) of incident T2DM in a prospective cohort (n = 3.048) across different non-HDL-C levels. Mean follow-up duration was 14.6 ± 0.7 years. T2DM risk was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis with sequential adjustment for confounders and quartile (Q)-based standardization of lipid parameters.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the cross-sectional analysis, non-HDL-C ≥ 4.5 mmol/L was associated with an increased odds of prevalent T2DM in the presence of concomitant hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.31; p = 0.001), independently of sex, age, and BMI. In the prospective cohort analysis, each 1 mmol/L increase in non-HDL-C elevated T2DM risk by 25 % in men and 14 % in women; each 1-unit increase in AC raised the risk by 41 % and 28 %, respectively. In quartile comparisons, men with non-HDL-C ≥ 4.5 versus &lt; 3.6 mmol/L had a 1.7-fold higher risk of incident T2DM after adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes, and arterial hypertension, except for waist circumference (WC). Women with nonHDL-C ≥ 5.6 versus &lt; 3.9 mmol/L had a 1.4-fold increased risk after similar adjustments, except for hypertension and WC. For AC, values ≥ 3.2 versus &lt; 2.4 doubled T2DM risk in men, while values ≥ 3.1 versus &lt; 2.4 increased risk 1.6-fold in women. These associations persisted after adjustment for age and conventional risk factors, except for WC.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. In the cross-sectional analysis, non-HDL-C levels ≥ 4.5 mmol/L were associated with increased odds of prevalent T2DM in the presence of hypertriglyceridemia ≥ 1.7 mmol/L, independently of sex, age, and BMI. In the prospective analysis, elevated non-HDL-C was associated with higher risk of incident T2DM after multivariable adjustment, with the exception of WC in men and hypertension and WC in women. Similar patterns were observed for the association between AC and T2DM risk after adjustment for the same covariates, except for WC in both sexes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>холестерин</kwd><kwd>не входящий в состав липопротеинов высокой плотности</kwd><kwd>ХС неЛПВП</kwd><kwd>коэффициент атерогенности</kwd><kwd>ХС неЛПВП/ХС ЛПВП</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol</kwd><kwd>non-HDL-C</kwd><kwd>atherogenic coefficient</kwd><kwd>non-HDL-C / HDL-C ratio</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Проект HAPIEE поддержан грантами Wellcome Trust, UK064947/Z/01/Z; 081081/Z/06/Z, грантом РНФ 14-45-00030. Настоящий анализ поддержан бюджетной темой НИИТПМ – филиала ФГБНУ «ФИЦ ИЦиГ СО РАН» «Эпидемиологический мониторинг распространенных терапевтических заболеваний, их факторов риска и осложнений в Сибири для совершенствования подходов к их профилактике и рискометрии», 2024–2028 гг. (FWNR-2024-0002).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The HAPIEE project is supported by grants from the Wellcome Trust, UK064947/Z/01/Z; 081081/Z/06/Z, grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research 14-45-00030. This analysis is supported by the budget theme of the NIITPM branch of the Federal State Budgetary Budgetary Institution «FITSIG SB RAS» «Epidemiological monitoring of common therapeutic diseases, their risk factors and complications in Siberia to improve approaches to their prevention and risk management», 2024-2028 (FWNR-2024-0002).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vallejo-Vaz A.J., Fayyad R., Boekholdt S.M., Hovingh G.K., Kastelein J.J., Melamed S., Barter P., Waters D.D., Ray K.K. Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular events among patients receiving statin therapy in the TNT trial. Circulation. 2018; 138 (8): 770–781. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032318</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vallejo-Vaz A.J., Fayyad R., Boekholdt S.M., Hovingh G.K., Kastelein J.J., Melamed S., Barter P., Waters D.D., Ray K.K. Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular events among patients receiving statin therapy in the TNT trial. Circulation. 2018; 138 (8): 770–781. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032318</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Климов А.Н., Никульчева Н.Г. Обмен липидов и липопротеидов и его нарушения. СПб.: Питер Ком, 1999. 512 с. ISBN 5-88782-134-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klimov A.N., Nikul’cheva N.G. Lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and its disorders. SPb.: Piter Kom, 1999. 512 p. ISBN 5-88782-134-5 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin Z., Yi T., Hu F., Chen J., Chen L. U-shaped association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and mortality risk in obese adults: evidence from NHANES 1999–2018. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2025; 11: 1524465. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1524465</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin Z., Yi T., Hu F., Chen J., Chen L. U-shaped association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and mortality risk in obese adults: evidence from NHANES 1999–2018. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2025; 11: 1524465. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1524465</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Langlois M.R., Nordestgaard B.G., Langsted A., Chapman M.J., Aakre K.M., Baum H., Borén J., Bruckert E., Catapano A., Cobbaert C., Collinson P., Descamps O.S., Duff C.J., von Eckardstein A., Hammerer-Lercher A., Kamstrup P.R., Kolovou G., Kronenberg F., Mora S., Pulkki K., Remaley A.T., Rifai N., Ros E., Stankovic S., Stavljenic-Rukavina A., Sypniewska G., Watts G.F., Wiklund O., Laitinen P.; European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) and the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Joint Consensus Initiative. Quantifying atherogenic lipoproteins for lipid-lowering strategies: consensus-based recommendations from EAS and EFLM. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2020; 58 (4): 496–517. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2019-1253</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Langlois M.R., Nordestgaard B.G., Langsted A., Chapman M.J., Aakre K.M., Baum H., Borén J., Bruckert E., Catapano A., Cobbaert C., Collinson P., Descamps O.S., Duff C.J., von Eckardstein A., Hammerer-Lercher A., Kamstrup P.R., Kolovou G., Kronenberg F., Mora S., Pulkki K., Remaley A.T., Rifai N., Ros E., Stankovic S., Stavljenic-Rukavina A., Sypniewska G., Watts G.F., Wiklund O., Laitinen P.; European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) and the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Joint Consensus Initiative. Quantifying atherogenic lipoproteins for lipid-lowering strategies: consensus-based recommendations from EAS and EFLM. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2020; 58 (4): 496–517. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2019-1253</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brunner F.J., Waldeyer C., Ojeda F., Salomaa V., Kee F., Sans S., Thorand B., Giampaoli S., Brambilla P., Tunstall-Pedoe H., Moitry M., Iacoviello L., Veronesi G., Grassi G., Mathiesen E.B., Söderberg S., Linneberg A., Brenner H., Amouyel P., Ferri- ères J., Tamosiunas A., Nikitin Y.P., Drygas W., Melander O., Jöckel K.H., Leistner D.M., Shaw J.E., Panagiotakos D.B., Simons L.A., Kavousi M., Vasan R.S., Dullaart R.P., Wannamethee S.G., Risérus U., Shea S., de Lemos J.A., Omland T., Kuulasmaa K., Landmesser U., Blankenberg S.; Multinational Cardiovascular Risk Consortium. Application of non-HDL cholesterol for population-based cardiovascular risk stratification: results from the Multinational Cardiovascular Risk Consortium. Lancet. 2019; 394 (10215): 2173–2183. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32519-X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brunner F.J., Waldeyer C., Ojeda F., Salomaa V., Kee F., Sans S., Thorand B., Giampaoli S., Brambilla P., Tunstall-Pedoe H., Moitry M., Iacoviello L., Veronesi G., Grassi G., Mathiesen E.B., Söderberg S., Linneberg A., Brenner H., Amouyel P., Ferri- ères J., Tamosiunas A., Nikitin Y.P., Drygas W., Melander O., Jöckel K.H., Leistner D.M., Shaw J.E., Panagiotakos D.B., Simons L.A., Kavousi M., Vasan R.S., Dullaart R.P., Wannamethee S.G., Risérus U., Shea S., de Lemos J.A., Omland T., Kuulasmaa K., Landmesser U., Blankenberg S.; Multinational Cardiovascular Risk Consortium. Application of non-HDL cholesterol for population-based cardiovascular risk stratification: results from the Multinational Cardiovascular Risk Consortium. Lancet. 2019; 394 (10215): 2173–2183. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32519-X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seo I.H., Son D.H., Lee H.S., Lee Y.J. Non-HDL cholesterol as a predictor for incident type 2 diabetes in communitydwelling adults: longitudinal findings over 12 years. Transl. Res. 2022; 243: 52–59. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.12.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seo I.H., Son D.H., Lee H.S., Lee Y.J. Non-HDL cholesterol as a predictor for incident type 2 diabetes in communitydwelling adults: longitudinal findings over 12 years. Transl. Res. 2022; 243: 52–59. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.12.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han M., Shen Y., Guo X., Hong C., Ji X., Guo H., Jin Y., Yuan H. Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Endocr. J. 2025; 72 (1): 43–51. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ24-0189</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han M., Shen Y., Guo X., Hong C., Ji X., Guo H., Jin Y., Yuan H. Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Endocr. J. 2025; 72 (1): 43–51. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ24-0189</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lazarte J., Hegele R.A. Dyslipidemia Management in Adults With Diabetes. Can. J. Diabetes. 2020; 44 (1): 53–60. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.07.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazarte J., Hegele R.A. Dyslipidemia Management in Adults With Diabetes. Can. J. Diabetes. 2020; 44 (1): 53–60. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.07.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Visseren F.L., Mach F., Smulders Y.M., Carballo D., Koskinas K.C., Bäck M., Benetos A., Biffi A., Boavida J.M., Capodanno D., Cosyns B., Crawford C., Davos C.H., Desormais I., di Angelantonio E., Franco O.H., Halvorsen S., Hobbs F.D., Hollander M., Jankowska E.A., Michal M., Sacco S., Sattar N., Tokgozoglu L., Tonstad S., Tsioufis K.P., van Dis I., van Gelder I.C., Wanner C., Williams B.; ESC National Cardiac Societies; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur. Heart J. 2021; 42 (34): 3227–3337. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Visseren F.L., Mach F., Smulders Y.M., Carballo D., Koskinas K.C., Bäck M., Benetos A., Biffi A., Boavida J.M., Capodanno D., Cosyns B., Crawford C., Davos C.H., Desormais I., di Angelantonio E., Franco O.H., Halvorsen S., Hobbs F.D., Hollander M., Jankowska E.A., Michal M., Sacco S., Sattar N., Tokgozoglu L., Tonstad S., Tsioufis K.P., van Dis I., van Gelder I.C., Wanner C., Williams B.; ESC National Cardiac Societies; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur. Heart J. 2021; 42 (34): 3227–3337. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu W., Resnick H.E., Jablonski K.A., Jones K.L., Jain A.K., Howard W.J., Robbins D.C., Howard B.V. Non-HDL cholesterol as a predictor of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: the strong heart study. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26 (1): 16–23. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.1.16</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu W., Resnick H.E., Jablonski K.A., Jones K.L., Jain A.K., Howard W.J., Robbins D.C., Howard B.V. Non-HDL cholesterol as a predictor of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: the strong heart study. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26 (1): 16–23. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.1.16</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao Y., Yan L., Guo N., Yu N., Wang Y., Cao X., Yang S., Lv F. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular disease in the general population and patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 2019; 147: 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.11.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cao Y., Yan L., Guo N., Yu N., Wang Y., Cao X., Yang S., Lv F. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular disease in the general population and patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 2019; 147: 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.11.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li C., Ford E.S., Tsai J., Zhao G., Balluz L.S., Gidding S.S. Serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and risk of death from cardiovascular diseases among U.S. adults with diagnosed diabetes: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey linked mortality study. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 2011; 23 (10): 46. doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-10-46</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li C., Ford E.S., Tsai J., Zhao G., Balluz L.S., Gidding S.S. Serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and risk of death from cardiovascular diseases among U.S. adults with diagnosed diabetes: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey linked mortality study. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 2011; 23 (10): 46. doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-10-46</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang N., Hu X., Zhang Q., Bai P., Cai M., Zeng T.S., Zhang J.Y., Tian S.H., Min J., Huang H.T., Zheng J., Peng M.M., Li M.J., Chen L.L. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: Highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is an independent risk factor for diabetes mellitus: Results from a populationbased cohort study. J. Diabetes. 2018; 10 (9): 708–714. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12650</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang N., Hu X., Zhang Q., Bai P., Cai M., Zeng T.S., Zhang J.Y., Tian S.H., Min J., Huang H.T., Zheng J., Peng M.M., Li M.J., Chen L.L. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: Highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is an independent risk factor for diabetes mellitus: Results from a populationbased cohort study. J. Diabetes. 2018; 10 (9): 708–714. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12650</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peasey A., Bobak M., Kubinova R., Malyutina S., Pajak A., Tamosiunas A., Pikhart H., Nicholson A., Marmot M. Determinants of cardiovascular disease and other non-communicable diseases in Central and Eastern Europe: rationale and design of the HAPIEE study. BMC Public. Health. 2006; 18 (6): 255. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-255</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peasey A., Bobak M., Kubinova R., Malyutina S., Pajak A., Tamosiunas A., Pikhart H., Nicholson A., Marmot M. Determinants of cardiovascular disease and other non-communicable diseases in Central and Eastern Europe: rationale and design of the HAPIEE study. BMC Public. Health. 2006; 18 (6): 255. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-255</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graham I.M., Catapano A.L., Wong N.D. Current guidelines on prevention with a focus on dyslipidemias. Cardiovasc. Diagn. Ther. 2017 (1): 4–10. doi: 10.21037/cdt.2017.04.04</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graham I.M., Catapano A.L., Wong N.D. Current guidelines on prevention with a focus on dyslipidemias. Cardiovasc. Diagn. Ther. 2017 (1): 4–10. doi: 10.21037/cdt.2017.04.04</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шальнова С.А., Метельская В.А., Куценко В.А., Яровая Е.Б., Капустина А.В., Муромцева Г.А., Свинин Г.Е., Баланова Ю.А., Имаева А.Э., Евстифеева С.Е., Вилков В.Г., Барбараш О.Л., Белова О.А., Гринштейн Ю.И., Ефанов А.Ю., Калачикова О.Н., Кулакова Н.В., Ротарь О.П., Трубачева И.А., Дупляков Д.В., Либис Р.А., Викторова И.А., Редько А.Н., Якушин С.С., Бойцов С.А., Шляхто Е.В., Драпкина О.М. Холестерин, не входящий в состав липопротеинов высокой плотности: современный ориентир оценки нарушений липидного обмена. Рац. фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2022; 18 (4): 366–375. doi: 10.20996/1819-6446-2022-07-01</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shalnova S.A., Metelskaya V.A., Kutsenko V.A., Yarovaya E.B., Kapustina A.V., Muromtseva G.A., Svinin G.E., Balanova Yu.A., Imaeva A.E., Evstifeeva S.E., Vilkov V.G., Barbarash O.L., Belova O.A., Grinshtein Yu.I., Efanov A.Yu., Kalachikova O.N., Kulakova N.V., Rotar O.P., Trubacheva I.A., Duplyakov D.V., Libis R.A., Viktorova I.A., Redko A.N., Yakushin S.S., Boytsov S.A., Shlyakhto E.V., Drapkina O.M. The non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol: a modern benchmark for assessing lipid metabolism disorders. Ration. Pharmacother. Cardiol. 2022; 18 (4): 366–375. (In Russ.). doi: 10.20996/1819-6446-2022 07-01.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghodsi S., Meysamie A., Abbasi M., Ghalehtaki R., Esteghamati A., Malekzadeh M.M., Asgari F., Gouya M.M. Non-high-density lipoprotein fractions are strongly associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome independent of obesity and diabetes: a population-based study among Iranian adults. J. Diabetes Metab. Disord. 2017; 16 (1): 25. doi: 10.1186/s40200-017-0306-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghodsi S., Meysamie A., Abbasi M., Ghalehtaki R., Esteghamati A., Malekzadeh M.M., Asgari F., Gouya M.M. Non-high-density lipoprotein fractions are strongly associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome independent of obesity and diabetes: a population-based study among Iranian adults. J. Diabetes Metab. Disord. 2017; 16 (1): 25. doi: 10.1186/s40200-017-0306-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mach F., Baigent C., Catapano A.L., Koskinas K.C., Casula M., Badimon L., Chapman M.J., de Backer G.G., Delgado V., Ference B.A., Graham I.M., Halliday A., Landmesser U., Mihaylova B., Pedersen T.R., Riccardi G., Richter D.J., Sabatine M.S., Taskinen M.R., Tokgozoglu L., Wiklund O., ESC Scientific Document Group. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur. Heart J. 2020; 41 (1): 111– 188. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mach F., Baigent C., Catapano A.L., Koskinas K.C., Casula M., Badimon L., Chapman M.J., de Backer G.G., Delgado V., Ference B.A., Graham I.M., Halliday A., Landmesser U., Mihaylova B., Pedersen T.R., Riccardi G., Richter D.J., Sabatine M.S., Taskinen M.R., Tokgozoglu L., Wiklund O., ESC Scientific Document Group. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur. Heart J. 2020; 41 (1): 111– 188. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кухарчук В.В., Ежов М.В., Сергиенко И.В., Арабидзе Г.Г., Бубнова М.Г., Балахонова Т.В., Гуревич В.С., Качковский М.А., Коновалов Г.А., Константинов В.О., Малышев П.П., Покровский С.Д., Соколов А.А., Сумароков А.Б., Горнякова Н.Б., Обрезан А.Г., Шапошник И.И., Анциферов М.Б., Аншелес А.А., Аронов Д.М., Ахмеджанов Н.М., Барбараш О.Л., Бойцов С.А., Воевода М.И., Галстян Г.Р., Галявич А.С., Драпкина О.М., Дупляков Д.В., Ерегин С.Я., Карпов Р.С., Карпов Ю.А., Козиолова Н.А., Космачев Е.Д., Небиеридзе Д.В., Недогода С.В., Олейников В.Э., Рагино Ю.И., Скибицкий ВВ., Смоленская О.Г., Филиппов А.Е., Халимов Ю.Ш., Чазова И.Е., Шестакова М.В., Якушин С.С. Атеросклероз и дислипидемии. Диагностика и коррекция нарушений липидного обмена с целью профилактики и лечения атеросклероза. Российские рекомендации, VII пересмотр. 2020; 1 (38): 7–42. doi: 10.34687/2219-8202.JAD.2020.01.000220</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kukharchuk V.V., Yezhov M.V., Sergienko I.V., Arabidze G.G., Bubnova M.G., Balakhonova T.V., Gurevich V.S., Kachkovsky M.A., Konovalov G.A., Konstantinov V.O., Malyshev P.P., Pokrovsky S.D., Sokolov A.A., Sumarokov A.B., Gornyakova N.B.., Obrezan A.G., Shaposhnik I.I., Antsiferov M.B., Ansheles A.A., Aronov D.M., Akhmedzhanov N.M., Barbarash O.L., Boytsov S.A., Voevoda M.I., Galstyan G.R., Galyavich A.S., Drapkina O.M., Duplyakov D.V., Eregin S.Ya., Karpov R.S., Karpov Yu.A., Koziolova N.A., Kosmachev E.D., Nebieridze D.V., Nedogoda S.V., Oleinikov V.E., Ragino Yu.I., Skibitsky V.I., Smolenskaya O.G., Filippov A.E., Khalimov Yu.Sh., Chazova I.E., Shestakova M.V., Yakushin S.S. Atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. Diagnosis and correction of lipid metabolism disorders for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Russian recommendations. VII Revision. 2020; 1 (38): 7–42. (In Russ.) doi: 10.34687/2219-8202.JAD.2020.01.000220</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гуревич В.С., Козиолова Н.А., Ежов М.В., Сергиенко И.В., Алиева А.С., Вавилова Т.В., Панов А.В., Обрезан А.Г., Калашников В.Ю., Арутюнов Г.П., Константинов В.О. Нерешенные проблемы дислипидемии и резидуального сердечно-сосудистого риска. Атеросклероз и дислипидемии. 2022; 1 (46): 31–39. doi: 10.34687/2219-8202.JAD.2022.01.0003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gurevich V.S., Koziolova N.A., Ezhov M.V., Sergienko I.V., Alieva A.S., Vavilova T.V. Panov A.V., Obrezan A.G., Kalashnikov V.Yu., Arutyunov G.P., Konstantinov V.O. Unsolved problems of dyslipidemia and residual cardiovascular risk. J. Atheroscler. Dyslipidem. 2022; 1 (46): 31–38. (In Russ.) doi: 10.34687/2219-8202.JAD.2022.01.0003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rydén L., Grant P.J., Anker S.D., Berne C., Cosentino F., Danchin N., Deaton C., Escaned J., Hammes H.P., Huikuri H., Marre M., Marx N., Mellbin L., Ostergren J., Patrono C., Seferovic P., Uva M.S., Taskinen M.R., Tendera M., Tuomilehto J., Valensi P., Zamorano J.L., Achenbach S., Baumgartner H., Bax J.J., Bueno H., Dean V., Erol C., Fagard R., Ferrari R., Hasdai D., Hoes A.W., Kirchhof P., Knuuti J., Kolh P., Lancellotti P., Linhart A., Nihoyannopoulos P., Piepoli M.F., Ponikowski P., Sirnes P.A., Tamargo J.L., Torbicki A., Wijns W., Windecker S., de Backer G., Ezquerra E.A., Avogaro A., Badimon L., Baranova E., Betteridge J., Ceriello A., Funck-Brentano C., Gulba D.C., Kjekshus J.K., Lev E., Mueller C., Neyses L., Nilsson P.M., Perk J., Reiner Z., Sattar N., Schächinger V., Scheen A., Schirmer H., Strömberg A., Sudzhaeva S., Viigimaa M., Vlachopoulos C., Xuereb R.G. ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: the Task Force on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and developed in collaboration with the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Eur. Heart J. 2013; 34 (39): 3035–3087. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht108</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rydén L., Grant P.J., Anker S.D., Berne C., Cosentino F., Danchin N., Deaton C., Escaned J., Hammes H.P., Huikuri H., Marre M., Marx N., Mellbin L., Ostergren J., Patrono C., Seferovic P., Uva M.S., Taskinen M.R., Tendera M., Tuomilehto J., Valensi P., Zamorano J.L., Achenbach S., Baumgartner H., Bax J.J., Bueno H., Dean V., Erol C., Fagard R., Ferrari R., Hasdai D., Hoes A.W., Kirchhof P., Knuuti J., Kolh P., Lancellotti P., Linhart A., Nihoyannopoulos P., Piepoli M.F., Ponikowski P., Sirnes P.A., Tamargo J.L., Torbicki A., Wijns W., Windecker S., de Backer G., Ezquerra E.A., Avogaro A., Badimon L., Baranova E., Betteridge J., Ceriello A., Funck-Brentano C., Gulba D.C., Kjekshus J.K., Lev E., Mueller C., Neyses L., Nilsson P.M., Perk J., Reiner Z., Sattar N., Schächinger V., Scheen A., Schirmer H., Strömberg A., Sudzhaeva S., Viigimaa M., Vlachopoulos C., Xuereb R.G. ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: the Task Force on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and developed in collaboration with the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Eur. Heart J. 2013; 34 (39): 3035–3087. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht108</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rehm J. Measuring quantity, frequency, and volume of drinking. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 1998; 22 (2): 4–14. doi: 10.1097/00000374-19980200100002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rehm J. Measuring quantity, frequency, and volume of drinking. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 1998; 22 (2): 4–14. doi: 10.1097/00000374-19980200100002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou Y., Yang G., Qu C., Chen J., Qian Y., Yuan L., Mao T., Xu Y., Li X., Zhen S., Liu S. Predictive performance of lipid parameters in identifying undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes: a cross-sectional study in eastern China. BMC Endocr. Disord. 2022; 22 (1): 76. doi: 10.1186/s12902-022-00984-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou Y., Yang G., Qu C., Chen J., Qian Y., Yuan L., Mao T., Xu Y., Li X., Zhen S., Liu S. Predictive performance of lipid parameters in identifying undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes: a cross-sectional study in eastern China. BMC Endocr. Disord. 2022; 22 (1): 76. doi: 10.1186/s12902-022-00984-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo W., Qin P., Lu J., Li X., Zhu W., Xu N., Wang J., Zhang Q. Diagnostic values and appropriate cutoff points of lipid ratios in patients with abnormal glucose tolerance status: a crosssectional study. Lipids Health Dis. 2019; 18 (1): 130. doi: 10.1186/s12944019-1070-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo W., Qin P., Lu J., Li X., Zhu W., Xu N., Wang J., Zhang Q. Diagnostic values and appropriate cutoff points of lipid ratios in patients with abnormal glucose tolerance status: a crosssectional study. Lipids Health Dis. 2019; 18 (1): 130. doi: 10.1186/s12944019-1070-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khaloo P., Hasheminia M., Tohidi M., Abdi H., Mansournia M.A., Azizi F., Hadaegh F. Impact of 3-year changes in lipid parameters and their ratios on incident type 2 diabetes: Tehran lipid and glucose study. Nutr. Metab. (Lond.). 2018; 15 (1): 50. doi: 10.1186/s12986-018-0287-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khaloo P., Hasheminia M., Tohidi M., Abdi H., Mansournia M.A., Azizi F., Hadaegh F. Impact of 3-year changes in lipid parameters and their ratios on incident type 2 diabetes: Tehran lipid and glucose study. Nutr. Metab. (Lond.). 2018; 15 (1): 50. doi: 10.1186/s12986-018-0287-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li B., Liu Y., Zhou X., Gu W., Mu Y. Remnant cholesterol, but not other traditional lipids or lipid ratios, is independently and positively related to future diabetes risk in Chinese general population: A 3year cohort study. J. Diabetes Investig. 2024; 15 (8): 1084–1093. doi: 10.1111/jdi.14205</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li B., Liu Y., Zhou X., Gu W., Mu Y. Remnant cholesterol, but not other traditional lipids or lipid ratios, is independently and positively related to future diabetes risk in Chinese general population: A 3year cohort study. J. Diabetes Investig. 2024; 15 (8): 1084–1093. doi: 10.1111/jdi.14205</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hwang Y.C., Ahn H.Y., Park S.W., Park C.Y. Apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol are more powerful predictors for incident type 2 diabetes than fasting glucose or glycated hemoglobin in subjects with normal glucose tolerance: a 3.3-year retrospective longitudinal study. Acta Diabetol. 2014; 51 (6): 941–946. doi: 10.1007/s00592-014-0587-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hwang Y.C., Ahn H.Y., Park S.W., Park C.Y. Apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol are more powerful predictors for incident type 2 diabetes than fasting glucose or glycated hemoglobin in subjects with normal glucose tolerance: a 3.3-year retrospective longitudinal study. Acta Diabetol. 2014; 51 (6): 941–946. doi: 10.1007/s00592-014-0587-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu L., Li Q., Yuan Z., Zhao M., Zhang X., Zhang H., Zheng D., Xu J., Gao L., Guan Q., Zhao J., Proud C.G., Wang X., Hou X., REACTION Study Group. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is more informative than traditional cholesterol indices in predicting diabetes risk for women with normal glucose tolerance. J. Diabetes Investig. 2018; 9 (6): 1304–1311. doi: 10.1111/jdi.12837</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu L., Li Q., Yuan Z., Zhao M., Zhang X., Zhang H., Zheng D., Xu J., Gao L., Guan Q., Zhao J., Proud C.G., Wang X., Hou X., REACTION Study Group. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is more informative than traditional cholesterol indices in predicting diabetes risk for women with normal glucose tolerance. J. Diabetes Investig. 2018; 9 (6): 1304–1311. doi: 10.1111/jdi.12837</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sheng G., Kuang M., Yang R., Zhong Y., Zhang S., Zou Y. Evaluation of the value of conventional and unconventional lipid parameters for predicting the risk of diabetes in a nondiabetic population. J. Transl. Med. 2022; 20 (1): 266. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03470-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheng G., Kuang M., Yang R., Zhong Y., Zhang S., Zou Y. Evaluation of the value of conventional and unconventional lipid parameters for predicting the risk of diabetes in a nondiabetic population. J. Transl. Med. 2022; 20 (1): 266. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03470-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao J., Liu J., Yu K., Huang Z., Lv S., Zeng W. Non-linear relationship between arteriosclerosis index and diabetes risk in non-obese east Asian adults. Sci. Rep. 2025; 15 (1): 5649. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-89849-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cao J., Liu J., Yu K., Huang Z., Lv S., Zeng W. Non-linear relationship between arteriosclerosis index and diabetes risk in non-obese east Asian adults. Sci. Rep. 2025; 15 (1): 5649. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-89849-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han M., Li Q., Qie R., Guo C., Zhou Q., Tian G., Huang S., Wu X., Ren Y., Zhao Y., Liu D., Zhang D., Liu L., Liu F., Chen X., Cheng C., Li Y., Yang X., Zhao Y., Feng Y., Liu Y., Li H., Sun X., Qin P., Chen Q., Zhang M., Hu D., Lu J. Association of non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio and its dynamic changes with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Rural Chinese Cohort Study. J. Diabet. Complicat. 2020; 34 (12): 107712. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107712</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han M., Li Q., Qie R., Guo C., Zhou Q., Tian G., Huang S., Wu X., Ren Y., Zhao Y., Liu D., Zhang D., Liu L., Liu F., Chen X., Cheng C., Li Y., Yang X., Zhao Y., Feng Y., Liu Y., Li H., Sun X., Qin P., Chen Q., Zhang M., Hu D., Lu J. Association of non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio and its dynamic changes with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Rural Chinese Cohort Study. J. Diabet. Complicat. 2020; 34 (12): 107712. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107712</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He L., Zheng W., Li Z., Kong W., Zeng T. Association of four lipid-derived indicators with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes: a Chinese population-based cohort study. Lipids Health Dis. 2023; 22 (1): 24. doi: 10.1186/s12944-023-01790-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He L., Zheng W., Li Z., Kong W., Zeng T. Association of four lipid-derived indicators with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes: a Chinese population-based cohort study. Lipids Health Dis. 2023; 22 (1): 24. doi: 10.1186/s12944-023-01790-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samuel V.T., Shulman G.I. Mechanisms for insulin resistance: common threads and missing links. Cell. 2012; 148 (5): 852–871. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samuel V.T., Shulman G.I. Mechanisms for insulin resistance: common threads and missing links. Cell. 2012; 148 (5): 852–871. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nordestgaard B.G. Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: New Insights From Epidemiology, Genetics, and Biology. Circ. Res. 2016; 118 (4): 547–563. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306249</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nordestgaard B.G. Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: New Insights From Epidemiology, Genetics, and Biology. Circ. Res. 2016; 118 (4): 547–563. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306249</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mark L., Vallejo-Vaz A.J., Reiber I., Paragh G., Kondapally Seshasai S.R., Ray K.K. Non-HDL cholesterol goal attainment and its relationship with triglyceride concentrations among diabetic subjects with cardiovascular disease: A nationwide survey of 2674 individuals in Hungary. Atherosclerosis. 2015; 241 (1): 62–68. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.810</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mark L., Vallejo-Vaz A.J., Reiber I., Paragh G., Kondapally Seshasai S.R., Ray K.K. Non-HDL cholesterol goal attainment and its relationship with triglyceride concentrations among diabetic subjects with cardiovascular disease: A nationwide survey of 2674 individuals in Hungary. Atherosclerosis. 2015; 241 (1): 62–68. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.810</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim S.W., Jee J.H., Kim H.J., Jin S.M., Suh S., Bae J.C. Non-HDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol is a better predictor of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance than apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein. A1. Int. J. Cardiol. 2013; 168 (3): 2678–2683. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.03.027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim S.W., Jee J.H., Kim H.J., Jin S.M., Suh S., Bae J.C. Non-HDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol is a better predictor of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance than apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein. A1. Int. J. Cardiol. 2013; 168 (3): 2678–2683. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.03.027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fryirs M., Barter P.J., Rye K.A. Cholesterol metabolism and pancreatic beta-cell function. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 2009; 20 (3): 159–164. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e32832ac180</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fryirs M., Barter P.J., Rye K.A. Cholesterol metabolism and pancreatic beta-cell function. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 2009; 20 (3): 159–164. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e32832ac180</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
