aterosklerozАтеросклерозAteroscleroz2078-256X2949-3633НИИТПМ-филиал ИЦиГ СО РАН10.52727/2078-256X-2025-21-4-440-452ateroskleroz-1152Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSДислипидемия: современные подходы к медикаментозной и немедикаментозной коррекцииDyslipidemia: current approaches to pharmacological and non-pharmacological managementhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-9877-3719ГалочкинИ. А.GalochkinI. A.

Иван Андреевич Галочкин, врач-кардиолог

630075, г. Новосибирск, ул. Александра Невского, 1а

Ivan A. Galochkin, cardiologist

1A, Aleksandra Nevskogo st., Novosibirsk, 630075

ivan.galochkin.96@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3468-6154БахареваЮ. С.BakharevaYu. S.

Юлия С. Бахарева, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинико-популяционных и профилактических исследований терапевтических и эндокринных заболеваний

630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1

Yulia S. Bakhareva, junior researcher, laboratory of clinical, population based and preventive research on internal and endocrine diseases

175/1, Boris Bogatkov st., Novosibirsk, 630089

Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Городская клиническая больница № 25РоссияCity Clinical Hospital No. 25Russian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»РоссияResearch Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202524012026214440452Copyright © Галочкин И.А., Бахарева Ю.С., 20252025Галочкин И.А., Бахарева Ю.С.Galochkin I.A., Bakhareva Y.S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ateroskleroz.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1152

Актуальность. Проблема дислипидемии остается наиболее важной во многих странах, включая Российскую Федерацию. Доля пациентов с семейной гиперхолестеринемией, достигших целевого уровня холестерина липопротеинов низкой плотности (ХС ЛПНП), не превышает 2 %; целевой уровень показателей липидограммы в рамках первичной и вторичной профилактики сердечнососудистых заболеваний достигается лишь в 26 % случаев, что связано с назначением некорректной дозы статинов, отсутствием комбинированной терапии с эзетимибом, крайне редким назначением ингибиторов протеиновой конвертазы субтилизин/кексин типа 9 (PCSK9) и/или бемпедоевой кислоты ввиду отсутствия должного опыта применения и новизны препаратов; отсутствие должной осведомленности врачей и пациентов о необходимости достижения целевого уровня ХС ЛПНП [1]. Проведен систематический поиск публикаций в базах данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science и eLibrary за период 2018–2025 гг. Использованы ключевые слова: липопротеиды низкой плотности, бемпедоевая кислота, целевые показатели липидограммы. Отобрано и проанализировано более 100 источников, соответствующих критериям включения. Цель обзора – систематизация и критический анализ современных подходов к немедикаментозной и медикаментозной коррекции дислипидемий с фокусом на персонализированные терапевтические стратегии и интеграцию современных подходов в клиническую практику.Результаты. В обзоре рассмотрены современные фармакологические и немедикаментозные методы лечения дислипидемий, такие как лечение препаратами статинов, фибратов, ингибиторов PCSK9, изменение пищевых привычек населения. Отдельное внимание уделено роли бемпедоевой кислоты ввиду небольшого опыта ее применения в комбинированной коррекции липидных нарушений.Заключение. Внедрение комбинированной терапии для коррекции дислипидемий является перспективным направлением повышения эффективности лечения улучшения прогнозов пациентов. Необходимы дальнейшая интеграция немедикаментозной коррекции в клиническую практику и решение вопросов доступности новых методов лечения.

Relevance. The problem of dyslipidemia remains one of the most important in many countries, including the Russian Federation. The proportion of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia who have reached the target LDL level does not exceed 2 %; the target levels of lipid profile indicators in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases are achieved in only 26 % of cases, which is associated with the prescription of incorrect statin doses; the absence of combination therapy with ezetimibe; extremely rare prescription of PCSK9 inhibitors and/or bempedoic acid due to lack of proper experience with their use and the novelty of these drugs; and insufficient awareness among doctors and patients about the need to achieve the target LDL level [1]. A systematic search of publications was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and eLibrary databases for the period 2018–2025. The following keywords were used: low-density lipoproteins, bempedoic acid, lipid profile target values. More than 100 sources meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and analyzed. Objective of the review: to systematize and critically analyze current approaches to non-pharmacological and pharmacological management of dyslipidemias with a focus on personalized therapeutic strategies and the integration of modern approaches into clinical practice.Results. The review discusses current pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods for treating dyslipidemia, such as treatment with statins, fibrates, PCSK9 inhibitors, and changes in dietary habits. Particular attention is given to the role of bempedoic acid due to the limited experience with its use in combined lipid disorder management.Conclusions. The implementation of combination therapy for the correction of dyslipidemia is a promising approach to improving treatment effectiveness and patient outcomes. Further integration of non-drug interventions into clinical practice and addressing the accessibility of new treatment methods are necessary.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.