aterosklerozАтеросклерозAteroscleroz2078-256X2949-3633НИИТПМ-филиал ИЦиГ СО РАН10.52727/2078-256X-2025-21-3-340-361ateroskleroz-1136Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSХроническая сердечная недостаточность: от патогенеза к персонализированной терапии и цифровым технологиямChronic heart failure: from pathogenesis to personalized therapy and digital technologieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4336-159XЮрковскийА. О.YurkovskiyA. O.

Антон Олегович Юрковский, аспирант 1-го года обучения, ординатор 1-го года (кардиология)

630090, г. Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, 1

630060, г. Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2

Anton O. Yurkovskiy, postgraduate student, cardiology resident

1, Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090

2, Timakova st., Novosibirsk, 630060

antonyrk@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4832-3197ЛожкинаН. Г.LozhkinaN. G.

Наталья Геннадьевна Ложкина, д-р мед. наук, проф., руководитель группы «Клиническая и экспериментальная кардиология»

630090, г. Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, 1

630060, г. Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2

630047, г. Новосибирск, ул. Залесского, 6

Natalya G. Lozhkina, doctor of medical sciences, professor, head of the clinical and experimental cardiology group

1, Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090

2, Timakova st., Novosibirsk, 630060

6, Zalesskogo st., Novosibirsk, 630047

lozhkina.n@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8586-8938АртеменкоС. Н.ArtemenkoS. N.

Сергей Николаевич Артеменко, д-р мед. наук, профессор РАН, зам. директора по научно-клинической работе

630060, г. Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2

Sergey N. Artemenko, doctor of medical sciences, professor of RAS, deputy director for clinical research

2, Timakova st., Novosibirsk, 630060

Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет»; Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины»Novosibirsk State University; Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical MedicineФедеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет»; Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины»; Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Новосибирской области «Городская клиническая больница № 1»Novosibirsk State University; Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Medicine; City Clinical Hospital No1Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины»Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Medicine202529092025213340361Copyright © Юрковский А.О., Ложкина Н.Г., Артеменко С.Н., 20252025Юрковский А.О., Ложкина Н.Г., Артеменко С.Н.Yurkovskiy A.O., Lozhkina N.G., Artemenko S.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ateroskleroz.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1136

Цель обзора – систематизация и критический анализ современных подходов к диагностике и лечению хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН) с фокусом на персонализированные терапевтические стратегии и интеграцию цифровых технологий в клиническую практику.Материал и методы. Проведен систематический поиск публикаций в базах данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science и eLibrary за период 2019–2024 гг. Использованы ключевые слова: «хроническая сердечная недостаточность», «патогенез ХСН», «персонализированная терапия ХСН», «цифровые технологии в кардиологии». Отобрано и проанализировано 145 источников, соответствующих критериям включения.Результаты. В обзоре описаны новейшие патофизиологические механизмы развития ХСН, рассмотрены современные фармакологические и аппаратные методы лечения, такие как ингибиторы SGLT2, сакубитрил/валсартан, кардиоресинхронизирующая терапия, имплантируемые кардиовертеры-дефибрилляторы и устройства вспомогательного кровообращения. Отдельное внимание уделено роли цифровых технологий, включая телемедицину, дистанционный мониторинг и искусственный интеллект, в управлении пациентами с ХСН.Заключение. Персонализированный подход, включающий фармакогенетику и внедрение цифровых решений, является перспективным направлением повышения эффективности лечения ХСН и улучшения прогнозов пациентов. Необходима дальнейшая интеграция инновационных технологий в клиническую практику и решение вопросов доступности новых методов лечения.

Objective. To systematize and critically analyze current approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF), with a focus on personalized therapeutic strategies and the integration of digital technologies into clinical practice.Material and methods. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and eLibrary databases for the period 2019–2024. Keywords included: “chronic heart failure”, “CHF pathogenesis”, “personalized CHF therapy”, and “digital technologies in cardiology”. A total of 145 sources meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and analyzed.Results. The review describes the most recent pathophysiological mechanisms of CHF development and examines current pharmacological and device-based therapies, including SGLT2 inhibitors, sacubitril/valsartan, cardiac resynchronization therapy, implantable cardioverterdefibrillators, and mechanical circulatory support devices. Special attention is given to the role of digital technologies, including telemedicine, remote monitoring, and artificial intelligence, in managing patients with CHF.Conclusions. A personalized approach, incorporating pharmacogenetics and the implementation of digital solutions, represents a promising direction for improving the effectiveness of CHF treatment and patient outcomes. Further integration of innovative technologies into clinical practice and addressing the accessibility of novel therapeutic methods are required.

хроническая сердечная недостаточностьперсонализированная медицинацифровые технологиителемедицинафармакогенетикакардиоресинхронизирующая терапияchronic heart failurepersonalized medicinedigital technologiestelemedicinepharmacogeneticscardiac resynchronization therapyReferencesРоссийское кардиологическое общество. Нарушения липидного обмена. Клинические рекомендации 2023. Рос. кардиол. журн., 2023; 28 (5): 5471. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5471Russian Society of Cardiology. Disorders of lipid metabolism. Clinical guidelines 2023. Russian Journal of Cardiology, 2023; 28 (5): 5471 (In Russ.). doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5471Ежов М.В., Сергиенко И.В., Кухарчук В.В. Клинические рекомендации по нарушениям липидного обмена 2023: что нового? Атеросклероз и дислипидемии, 2023; (3): 5–9, doi: 10.34687/2219-8202.JAD.2023.03.0001Ezhov M.V., Sergienko I.V., Kukharchuk V.V. Clinical guidelines for lipid metabolism disorders 2023: What’s new? Atherosclerosis and Dyslipidemias, 2023; (3): 5–9 (In Russ.). doi: 10.34687/2219-8202.JAD.2023.03.0001Нестеров В.С., Урванцева И.А., Воробьев А.С. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность: современные проблемы и пути их решения. Лечащий врач, 2018; 7: 11–14. [Nesterov V.S., Urvantseva I.A., Vorobyev A.S. Chronic heart failure: current problems and ways to solve them. Therapist, 2018; 7: 11–14 (In Russ.).Нестеров В.С., Урванцева И.А., Воробьев А.С. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность: современные проблемы и пути их решения. Лечащий врач, 2018; 7: 11–14. [Nesterov V.S., Urvantseva I.A., Vorobyev A.S. Chronic heart failure: current problems and ways to solve them. Therapist, 2018; 7: 11–14 (In Russ.).GBD 2020 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2020: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020. Lancet, 2020; 396 (10258): 1204–1222. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9GBD 2020 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2020: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020. Lancet, 2020; 396 (10258): 1204–1222. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9Ponikowski P., Voors A.A., Anker S.D., Bueno H., Cleland J.G.F., Coats J.A.CS, Falk V., González-Juanatey J.R., Harjola V.P., Jankowska E.A., Jessup M., Linde C., Nihoyannopoulos P., Parissis J.T., Pieske B., Riley J.P., Rosano G.M.C., Ruilope L.M., Ruschitzka F., Rutten F.H., van der Meer P. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur. Heart. J., 2016; 37 (27): 2129–2200. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128Ponikowski P., Voors A.A., Anker S.D., Bueno H., Cleland J.G.F., Coats J.A.CS, Falk V., González-Juanatey J.R., Harjola V.P., Jankowska E.A., Jessup M., Linde C., Nihoyannopoulos P., Parissis J.T., Pieske B., Riley J.P., Rosano G.M.C., Ruilope L.M., Ruschitzka F., Rutten F.H., van der Meer P. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur. Heart. J., 2016; 37 (27): 2129–2200. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128Virani S.S., Alonso A., Aparicio H.J., Benjamin E.J., Bittencourt M.S., Callaway C.W., Carson A.P., Chamberlain A.M., Cheng S., Delling F.D., Elkind M.S.V., Evenson K.R., Ferguson J.F., Gupta D.K., Khan S.S., Kissela B.M., Knutson K.L., Lee C.D., Lewis T.T., Liu J., Loop M.S., Lutsey P.L., Ma J., Mackey J., Martin S.S., Matchar D.B., Mussolino M.E., Navaneethan S.D., Perak A.M., Roth G.A., Samad Z., Satou G.M., Schroeder E.B., Shah S.H., Shay C.M., Stokes A., VanWagner L.B., Wang N.Y., Tsao C.W. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2021 update. Circulation, 2021; 143 (8): e254– e743. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950Virani S.S., Alonso A., Aparicio H.J., Benjamin E.J., Bittencourt M.S., Callaway C.W., Carson A.P., Chamberlain A.M., Cheng S., Delling F.D., Elkind M.S.V., Evenson K.R., Ferguson J.F., Gupta D.K., Khan S.S., Kissela B.M., Knutson K.L., Lee C.D., Lewis T.T., Liu J., Loop M.S., Lutsey P.L., Ma J., Mackey J., Martin S.S., Matchar D.B., Mussolino M.E., Navaneethan S.D., Perak A.M., Roth G.A., Samad Z., Satou G.M., Schroeder E.B., Shah S.H., Shay C.M., Stokes A., VanWagner L.B., Wang N.Y., Tsao C.W. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2021 update. Circulation, 2021; 143 (8): e254– e743. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950Российское кардиологическое общество. Клинические рекомендации по хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН), 2024. М., 2024.Russian Society of Cardiology. Clinical guidelines for chronic heart failure (CHF), 2023–2024. Moscow, 2024. (In Russ.).Кардиология. Национальное руководство. Под ред. Е.И. Чазова. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2020.Cardiology. National guidance. Ed. by E.I. Chazov. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2020. (In Russ.).McDonagh T.A., Metra M., Adamo M., Gardner R.S., Baumbach A., Böhm M., Burri H., Butler J., Čelutkienė J., Chioncel O., Cleland J.G.F., Coats A.J.S., Crespo-Leiro M.G., Farmakis D., Gilard M., Heymans S., Hoes A.W., Jaarsma T., Jankowska E.A., Lainscak M., Lam C.S.P., Lyon A.R., McMurray J.J.V., Mebazaa A., Mindham R., Muneretto C., Francesco Piepoli M., Price S., Rosano G.M.C., Ruschitzka F., Kathrine Skibelund A. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur. Heart. J., 2021; 42 (36): 3599–3726. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368McDonagh T.A., Metra M., Adamo M., Gardner R.S., Baumbach A., Böhm M., Burri H., Butler J., Čelutkienė J., Chioncel O., Cleland J.G.F., Coats A.J.S., Crespo-Leiro M.G., Farmakis D., Gilard M., Heymans S., Hoes A.W., Jaarsma T., Jankowska E.A., Lainscak M., Lam C.S.P., Lyon A.R., McMurray J.J.V., Mebazaa A., Mindham R., Muneretto C., Francesco Piepoli M., Price S., Rosano G.M.C., Ruschitzka F., Kathrine Skibelund A. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur. Heart. J., 2021; 42 (36): 3599–3726. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368Heidenreich P.A., Bozkurt B., Aguilar D., Allen L.A., Byun J.J., Colvin M.M., Deswal A., Drazner M.H., Dunlay S.M., Evers L.R., Fang J.C., Fedson S.E., Fonarow G.C., Hayek S.S., Hernandez A.F., Khazanie P., Kittleson M.M., Lee C.S., Link M.S., Milano C.A., Nnacheta L.C., Sandhu A.T., Stevenson L.W., Vardeny O., Vest A.R., Yancy C.W. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the management of heart failure. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2022; 79 (17): e263–e421. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.12.012Heidenreich P.A., Bozkurt B., Aguilar D., Allen L.A., Byun J.J., Colvin M.M., Deswal A., Drazner M.H., Dunlay S.M., Evers L.R., Fang J.C., Fedson S.E., Fonarow G.C., Hayek S.S., Hernandez A.F., Khazanie P., Kittleson M.M., Lee C.S., Link M.S., Milano C.A., Nnacheta L.C., Sandhu A.T., Stevenson L.W., Vardeny O., Vest A.R., Yancy C.W. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the management of heart failure. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2022; 79 (17): e263–e421. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.12.012McMurray J.J., Packer M., Desai A.S., Gong J., Lefkowitz M.P., Rizkala A.R., Rouleau J.L., Shi V.C., Solomon S.D., Swedberg K., Zile M.R. Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 2014; 371: 993–1004. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1409077McMurray J.J., Packer M., Desai A.S., Gong J., Lefkowitz M.P., Rizkala A.R., Rouleau J.L., Shi V.C., Solomon S.D., Swedberg K., Zile M.R. Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 2014; 371: 993–1004. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1409077Anker S.D., Butler J., Filippatos G., Ferreira J.P., Bocchi E., Böhm M., Brunner-La Rocca H.P., Choi D.J., Chopra V., Chuquiure-Valenzuela E., Giannetti N., Gomez-Mesa J.E., Janssens S., Januzzi J.L., Gonzalez-Juanatey J.R., Merkely B., Nicholls S.J., Perrone S.V., Piña I.L., Ponikowski P., Senni M., Sim D., Spinar J., Squire I., Taddei S., Tsutsui H., Verma S., Vinereanu D., Zhang J., Carson P., Lam C.S.P., Marx N., Zeller C., Sattar N., Jamal W., Schnaidt S., Schnee J.M., Brueckmann M., Pocock S.J., Zannad F., Packer M. Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. N. Engl. J. Med., 2021; 385: 1451–1461. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2107038Anker S.D., Butler J., Filippatos G., Ferreira J.P., Bocchi E., Böhm M., Brunner-La Rocca H.P., Choi D.J., Chopra V., Chuquiure-Valenzuela E., Giannetti N., Gomez-Mesa J.E., Janssens S., Januzzi J.L., Gonzalez-Juanatey J.R., Merkely B., Nicholls S.J., Perrone S.V., Piña I.L., Ponikowski P., Senni M., Sim D., Spinar J., Squire I., Taddei S., Tsutsui H., Verma S., Vinereanu D., Zhang J., Carson P., Lam C.S.P., Marx N., Zeller C., Sattar N., Jamal W., Schnaidt S., Schnee J.M., Brueckmann M., Pocock S.J., Zannad F., Packer M. Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. N. Engl. J. Med., 2021; 385: 1451–1461. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2107038Papait R., Serio S., Condorelli G. Molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of heart failure: role of inflammation and oxidative stress. Nat. Rev. Cardiol., 2020; 17 (10): 631–649. doi: 10.1038/s41569-020-0384-0 14. Bers D.M. Cardiac excitation–contraction coupling. Circ Res., 2021; 126 (6): 791–804. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318158Papait R., Serio S., Condorelli G. Molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of heart failure: role of inflammation and oxidative stress. Nat. Rev. Cardiol., 2020; 17 (10): 631–649. doi: 10.1038/s41569-020-0384-0Bers D.M. Cardiac excitation–contraction coupling. Circ Res., 2021; 126 (6): 791–804. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318158Bers D.M. Cardiac excitation–contraction coupling. Circ Res., 2021; 126 (6): 791–804. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318158Louch W.E., Sejersted O.M., Swift F. T-tubule remodelling in human heart failure. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2018; 72 (5): 567–578. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.050Louch W.E., Sejersted O.M., Swift F. T-tubule remodelling in human heart failure. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2018; 72 (5): 567–578. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.050Braunwald E. Neurohormonal activation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Nat. Rev. Cardiol., 2016; 13 (4): 233–245. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.25Braunwald E. Neurohormonal activation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Nat. Rev. Cardiol., 2016; 13 (4): 233–245. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.25Shooshtarian A.K., O’Gallagher K., Shah A.M., Zhang M. SERCA2a dysfunction in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a direct role is yet to be established. Heart. Fail. Rev., 2025; 30 (3): 545–564. doi: 10.1007/s10741-025-10487-1Shooshtarian A.K., O’Gallagher K., Shah A.M., Zhang M. SERCA2a dysfunction in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a direct role is yet to be established. Heart. Fail. Rev., 2025; 30 (3): 545–564. doi: 10.1007/s10741-025-10487-1Kowalski F., Adamowicz J., Jozwicki J., Grzanka D., Drewa T. The role of early diagnosis of emphysematous cystitis: A case report and literature review. Urology Case Reports., 2021; 36: 101581. doi: 10.1016/j.eucr.2021.101581Kowalski F., Adamowicz J., Jozwicki J., Grzanka D., Drewa T. The role of early diagnosis of emphysematous cystitis: A case report and literature review. Urology Case Reports., 2021; 36: 101581. doi: 10.1016/j.eucr.2021.101581Neurohumoral activation in heart failure. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2023; 24 (3): 1234. doi: 10.3390/ijms24031234Neurohumoral activation in heart failure. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2023; 24 (3): 1234. doi: 10.3390/ijms24031234Floras J.S. Sympathetic nervous system activation in human heart failure: clinical implications of an updated model. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2009; 54 (5): 375–385. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.03.050Floras J.S. Sympathetic nervous system activation in human heart failure: clinical implications of an updated model. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2009; 54 (5): 375–385. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.03.050Hartupee J., Mann D. Neurohormonal activation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Nat. Rev. Cardio.l, 2017; 14: 30–38. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.163Hartupee J., Mann D. Neurohormonal activation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Nat. Rev. Cardio.l, 2017; 14: 30–38. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.163Clinical use of markers of neurohormonal activation in heart failure. Rev. Esp. Cardiol., 2004; 57 (1): 1–11. doi: 10.1016/S0300-8932(04)70841-4Clinical use of markers of neurohormonal activation in heart failure. Rev. Esp. Cardiol., 2004; 57 (1): 1–11. doi: 10.1016/S0300-8932(04)70841-4Anand I.S., Fisher L.D., Chiang Y.T., Latini R., Masson S., Maggioni A.P., Glazer R.D., Tognoni G., Cohn J.N., Val-HeFT Investigators. Changes in brain natriuretic peptide and norepinephrine over time and mortality and morbidity in the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT). Circulation, 2003; 107 (9): 1278–1283. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000054164.99881.00Anand I.S., Fisher L.D., Chiang Y.T., Latini R., Masson S., Maggioni A.P., Glazer R.D., Tognoni G., Cohn J.N., Val-HeFT Investigators. Changes in brain natriuretic peptide and norepinephrine over time and mortality and morbidity in the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT). Circulation, 2003; 107 (9): 1278–1283. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000054164.99881.00Manolis A.A., Manolis T.A., Manolis A.S. Neurohumoral activation in heart failure. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2023; 24 (20): 15472. doi: 10.3390/ijms242015472Manolis A.A., Manolis T.A., Manolis A.S. Neurohumoral activation in heart failure. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2023; 24 (20): 15472. doi: 10.3390/ijms242015472Ding J., Yu M., Jiang J., Luo Y., Zhang Q., Wang S., Yang F., Wang A., Wang L., Zhuang M., Wu S., Zhang Q., Xia Y., Lu D. Angiotensin II decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation via AT₁R Nox/ROS/PP2A pathway. Front. Physiol., 2020; 1: 566410. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.566410Ding J., Yu M., Jiang J., Luo Y., Zhang Q., Wang S., Yang F., Wang A., Wang L., Zhuang M., Wu S., Zhang Q., Xia Y., Lu D. Angiotensin II decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation via AT₁R Nox/ROS/PP2A pathway. Front. Physiol., 2020; 1: 566410. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.566410Valensi P. Autonomic nervous system activity changes in patients with hypertension and overweight: role and therapeutic implications. Cardiovasc. Diabetol., 2021; 20: 170. doi: 10.1186/s12933-021-01356-wValensi P. Autonomic nervous system activity changes in patients with hypertension and overweight: role and therapeutic implications. Cardiovasc. Diabetol., 2021; 20: 170. doi: 10.1186/s12933-021-01356-wYamaguchi H., Gomez R.A., Sequeira-Lopez M.L.S. Renin cells, from vascular development to blood pressure sensing. Hypertension, 2023; 80 (8): 1580–1589. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.20577Yamaguchi H., Gomez R.A., Sequeira-Lopez M.L.S. Renin cells, from vascular development to blood pressure sensing. Hypertension, 2023; 80 (8): 1580–1589. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.20577Beall R.F., Leung A.A., Quinn A.E., Salmon C., Scory T.D., Bresee L.C., Ronksley P.E. Laboratory testing and antihypertensive medication adherence following initial treatment of incident, uncomplicated hypertension: A real-world data analysis. J. Clin. Hypertens. (Greenwich), 2022; 24 (10): 1316–1326. doi: 10.1111/jch.14567Beall R.F., Leung A.A., Quinn A.E., Salmon C., Scory T.D., Bresee L.C., Ronksley P.E. Laboratory testing and antihypertensive medication adherence following initial treatment of incident, uncomplicated hypertension: A real-world data analysis. J. Clin. Hypertens. (Greenwich), 2022; 24 (10): 1316–1326. doi: 10.1111/jch.14567Рыжова Т.В. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность при разных клинических состояниях. Эффективная фармакотерапия, 2023;19(40):19–21. [Ryzhova T.V. Chronic heart failure in various clinical conditions. Effective Pharmacotherapy, 2023; 19 (40): 19–21 (In Russ.).Рыжова Т.В. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность при разных клинических состояниях. Эффективная фармакотерапия, 2023;19(40):19–21. [Ryzhova T.V. Chronic heart failure in various clinical conditions. Effective Pharmacotherapy, 2023; 19 (40): 19–21 (In Russ.).Mehta J.K., Kaur G., Buttar H.S., Bagabir H.A., Bagabir R.A., Bagabir S.A., Haque S., Tuli H.S., Telessy I.G. Role of the renin–angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease and heart failure: Diagnostic biomarkers and therapy with drugs and natural products. Front. Physiol., 2023; 14: 1034170. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1034170Mehta J.K., Kaur G., Buttar H.S., Bagabir H.A., Bagabir R.A., Bagabir S.A., Haque S., Tuli H.S., Telessy I.G. Role of the renin–angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease and heart failure: Diagnostic biomarkers and therapy with drugs and natural products. Front. Physiol., 2023; 14: 1034170. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1034170Kuwahara K. The natriuretic peptide system in heart failure: Pathophysiological and therapeutic implications. J. Cardiol., 2021; 78 (1): 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.03.011Kuwahara K. The natriuretic peptide system in heart failure: Pathophysiological and therapeutic implications. J. Cardiol., 2021; 78 (1): 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.03.011Potter L.R., Yoder A.R., Flora D.R., Antos L.K., Dickey D.M. Natriuretic peptides: their structures, receptors, physiologic functions and therapeutic applications. Handb. Exp. Pharmacol., 2011; 205: 341–366. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-17514-6_16Potter L.R., Yoder A.R., Flora D.R., Antos L.K., Dickey D.M. Natriuretic peptides: their structures, receptors, physiologic functions and therapeutic applications. Handb. Exp. Pharmacol., 2011; 205: 341–366. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-17514-6_16Volpe M., Rubattu S., Burnett J.C.Jr. Natriuretic peptides in cardiovascular diseases: current use and perspectives. Eur. Heart. J., 2014;35(7):419–425. – doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht466Volpe M., Rubattu S., Burnett J.C.Jr. Natriuretic peptides in cardiovascular diseases: current use and perspectives. Eur. Heart. J., 2014;35(7):419–425. – doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht466Shi Y., Zhang H., Huang S., Yin L., Wang F., Luo P., Huang H. Epigenetic regulation in cardiovascular disease: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials. Sig. Transduct. Target. Ther., 2022; 7 (1): 200. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01055-2Shi Y., Zhang H., Huang S., Yin L., Wang F., Luo P., Huang H. Epigenetic regulation in cardiovascular disease: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials. Sig. Transduct. Target. Ther., 2022; 7 (1): 200. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01055-2Зверев Я.Ф., Брюханов В.М. Ингибирование Na+/H+ обмена как новый подход к защите миокарда от ишемического и реперфузионного повреждения. Обзоры по клин. фармакологии и лек. терапии, 2003; 3: 16–34.Zverev Y.F., Bryukhanov V.M. Inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange as a novel approach to myocardial protection from ischemic and reperfusion injury. Reviews in Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 2003; 3: 16–34. (In Russ.).Thum T. Noncoding RNAs and myocardial fibrosis. Nat. Rev. Cardiol., 2021; 18 (9): 601–633. doi: 10.1038/s41569-021-00537-8Thum T. Noncoding RNAs and myocardial fibrosis. Nat. Rev. Cardiol., 2021; 18 (9): 601–633. doi: 10.1038/s41569-021-00537-8Kumarswamy R., Thum T. Non-coding RNAs in cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Circ. Res., 2013; 113 (6): 676–689. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300226Kumarswamy R., Thum T. Non-coding RNAs in cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Circ. Res., 2013; 113 (6): 676–689. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300226The Digitalis Investigation Group (DIG) Investigators. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 1997; 336 (8): 525–533.The Digitalis Investigation Group (DIG) Investigators. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 1997; 336 (8): 525–533.The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 1987: 316 (23): 1429–1435.The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 1987: 316 (23): 1429–1435.Pitt B., Zannad F., Remme W.J., Cody R., Castaigne A., Perez A., Palensky J., Wittes J. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 1999; 341 (10): 709–717. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199909023411001Pitt B., Zannad F., Remme W.J., Cody R., Castaigne A., Perez A., Palensky J., Wittes J. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 1999; 341 (10): 709–717. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199909023411001McMurray J.J., Solomon S.D., Inzucchi S.E., Køber L., Kosiborod M.N., Martinez F.A., Ponikowski P., Sabatine M.S., Anand I.S., Bělohlávek J., Böhm M., Chiang C.E., Chopra V.K., de Boer R.A., Desai A.S., Diez M., Drozdz J., Dukát A., Ge J., Howlett J.G., Katova T., Kitakaze M., Ljungman C.E.A., Merkely B., Nicolau J.C., O’Meara E., Petrie M.C., Vinh P.N., Schou M., Tereshchenko S., Verma S., Held C., DeMets D.L., Docherty K.F., Jhund P.S., Bengtsson O., Sjöstrand M., Langkilde A.M. Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N. Engl. J. Med., 2019; 381 (21): 1995–2008. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911303McMurray J.J., Solomon S.D., Inzucchi S.E., Køber L., Kosiborod M.N., Martinez F.A., Ponikowski P., Sabatine M.S., Anand I.S., Bělohlávek J., Böhm M., Chiang C.E., Chopra V.K., de Boer R.A., Desai A.S., Diez M., Drozdz J., Dukát A., Ge J., Howlett J.G., Katova T., Kitakaze M., Ljungman C.E.A., Merkely B., Nicolau J.C., O’Meara E., Petrie M.C., Vinh P.N., Schou M., Tereshchenko S., Verma S., Held C., DeMets D.L., Docherty K.F., Jhund P.S., Bengtsson O., Sjöstrand M., Langkilde A.M. Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N. Engl. J. Med., 2019; 381 (21): 1995–2008. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911303Packer M., Anker S.D., Butler J., Filippatos G., Pocock S.J., Carson P., Januzzi J., Verma S., Tsutsui H., Brueckmann M., Jamal W., Kimura K., Schnee J., Zeller C., Cotton D., Bocchi E., Böhm M., Choi D.J., Chopra V., Chuquiure E., Giannetti N., Janssens S., Zhang J., Gonzalez Juanatey J.R., Kaul S., Brunner- La Rocca H.P., Merkely B., Nicholls S.J., Perrone S., Pina I., Ponikowski P., Sattar N., Senni M., Seronde M.F., Spinar J., Squire I., Taddei S., Wanner C., Zannad F. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020; 383 (15): 1413–1424. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2022190Packer M., Anker S.D., Butler J., Filippatos G., Pocock S.J., Carson P., Januzzi J., Verma S., Tsutsui H., Brueckmann M., Jamal W., Kimura K., Schnee J., Zeller C., Cotton D., Bocchi E., Böhm M., Choi D.J., Chopra V., Chuquiure E., Giannetti N., Janssens S., Zhang J., Gonzalez Juanatey J.R., Kaul S., Brunner- La Rocca H.P., Merkely B., Nicholls S.J., Perrone S., Pina I., Ponikowski P., Sattar N., Senni M., Seronde M.F., Spinar J., Squire I., Taddei S., Wanner C., Zannad F. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020; 383 (15): 1413–1424. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2022190Solomon S.D., McMurray J.J., Anand I.S., Ge J., Lam C.S.P., Maggioni A.P., Martinez F., Packer M., Pfeffer M.A., Pieske B., Redfield M.M., Rouleau J.L., van Veldhuisen D.J., Zannad F., Zile M.R., Desai A.S., Claggett B., Jhund P.S., Boytsov S.A., Comin-Colet J., Cleland J., Düngen H.D., Goncalvesova E., Katova T., Kerr Saraiva J.F., Lelonek M., Merkely B., Senni M., Shah S.J., Zhou J., Rizkala A.R., Gong J., Shi V.C., Lefkowitz M.P. Angiotensin–neprilysin inhibition in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N. Engl. J. Med., 2019; 381 (17): 1609–1620. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1908655Solomon S.D., McMurray J.J., Anand I.S., Ge J., Lam C.S.P., Maggioni A.P., Martinez F., Packer M., Pfeffer M.A., Pieske B., Redfield M.M., Rouleau J.L., van Veldhuisen D.J., Zannad F., Zile M.R., Desai A.S., Claggett B., Jhund P.S., Boytsov S.A., Comin-Colet J., Cleland J., Düngen H.D., Goncalvesova E., Katova T., Kerr Saraiva J.F., Lelonek M., Merkely B., Senni M., Shah S.J., Zhou J., Rizkala A.R., Gong J., Shi V.C., Lefkowitz M.P. Angiotensin–neprilysin inhibition in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N. Engl. J. Med., 2019; 381 (17): 1609–1620. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1908655Teerlink J.R., Diaz R., Felker G.M., McMurray J.J.V., Metra M., Solomon S.D., Adams K.F., Anand I., Arias-Mendoza A., Biering-Sørensen T., Böhm M., Bonderman D., Cleland J.G.F., Corbalan R., Crespo-Leiro M.G., Dahlström U., Echeverria L.E., Fang J.C., Filippatos G., Fonseca C., Goncalvesova E., Goudev A.R., Howlett J.G., Lanfear D.E., Li J., Lund M., Macdonald P., Mareev V., Momomura S.I., O’Meara E., Parkhomenko A., Ponikowski P., Ramires F.J.A., Serpytis P., Sliwa K., Spinar J., Suter T.M., Tomcsanyi J., Vandekerckhove H., Vinereanu D., Voors A.A., Yilmaz M.B., Zannad F., Sharpsten L., Legg J.C., Varin C., Honarpour N., Abbasi S.A., Malik F.I., Kurtz C.E. Cardiac myosin activation with omecamtiv mecarbil in systolic heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 2021; 384 (2): 105–116. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2025797Teerlink J.R., Diaz R., Felker G.M., McMurray J.J.V., Metra M., Solomon S.D., Adams K.F., Anand I., Arias-Mendoza A., Biering-Sørensen T., Böhm M., Bonderman D., Cleland J.G.F., Corbalan R., Crespo-Leiro M.G., Dahlström U., Echeverria L.E., Fang J.C., Filippatos G., Fonseca C., Goncalvesova E., Goudev A.R., Howlett J.G., Lanfear D.E., Li J., Lund M., Macdonald P., Mareev V., Momomura S.I., O’Meara E., Parkhomenko A., Ponikowski P., Ramires F.J.A., Serpytis P., Sliwa K., Spinar J., Suter T.M., Tomcsanyi J., Vandekerckhove H., Vinereanu D., Voors A.A., Yilmaz M.B., Zannad F., Sharpsten L., Legg J.C., Varin C., Honarpour N., Abbasi S.A., Malik F.I., Kurtz C.E. Cardiac myosin activation with omecamtiv mecarbil in systolic heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 2021; 384 (2): 105–116. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2025797Wintrich J., Kindermann I., Ukena C., Selejan S., Werner C., Maack C., Laufs U., Tschöpe C., Anker S.D., Lam C.S.P., Voors A.A., Böhm M. Therapeutic approaches in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: past, present, and future. Clin. Res. Cardiol., 2020; 109 (9): 1079–1098. doi: 10.1007/s00392-020-01633-wWintrich J., Kindermann I., Ukena C., Selejan S., Werner C., Maack C., Laufs U., Tschöpe C., Anker S.D., Lam C.S.P., Voors A.A., Böhm M. Therapeutic approaches in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: past, present, and future. Clin. Res. Cardiol., 2020; 109 (9): 1079–1098. doi: 10.1007/s00392-020-01633-wZeppenfeld K., Tfelt-Hansen J., de Riva M., Winkel B.G., Behr E.R., Blom N.A., Charron P., Corrado D., Dagres N., de Chillou C., Eckardt L., Friede T., Haugaa K.H., Hocini M., Lambiase P.D., Marijon E., Merino J.L., Peichl P., Priori S.G., Reichlin T., ESC Scientific Document Group. 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. European Heart Journal, 2022; 43 (40): 3997–4126. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262Zeppenfeld K., Tfelt-Hansen J., de Riva M., Winkel B.G., Behr E.R., Blom N.A., Charron P., Corrado D., Dagres N., de Chillou C., Eckardt L., Friede T., Haugaa K.H., Hocini M., Lambiase P.D., Marijon E., Merino J.L., Peichl P., Priori S.G., Reichlin T., ESC Scientific Document Group. 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. European Heart Journal, 2022; 43 (40): 3997–4126. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262Bristow M.R., Saxon L.A., Boehmer J., Krueger S., Kass D.A., de Marco T., Carson P., DiCarlo L., DeMets D., White B.G., DeVries D.W., Feldman A.M. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 2004; 350 (21): 2140–2150. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa032423Bristow M.R., Saxon L.A., Boehmer J., Krueger S., Kass D.A., de Marco T., Carson P., DiCarlo L., DeMets D., White B.G., DeVries D.W., Feldman A.M. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 2004; 350 (21): 2140–2150. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa032423Goldenberg I., Kutyifa V., Klein H.U., Cannom D.S., Brown M.W., Dan A., Daubert J.P., Estes N.A. 3rd, Foster E., Greenberg H., Kautzner J., Klempfner R., Kuniss M., Merkely B., Pfeffer M.A., Quesada A., Viskin S., McNitt S., Polonsky B., Ghanem A., Moss A.J. Survival with cardiac-resynchronization therapy in mild heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 2014; 370 (18): 1694–1701. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1401426Goldenberg I., Kutyifa V., Klein H.U., Cannom D.S., Brown M.W., Dan A., Daubert J.P., Estes N.A. 3rd, Foster E., Greenberg H., Kautzner J., Klempfner R., Kuniss M., Merkely B., Pfeffer M.A., Quesada A., Viskin S., McNitt S., Polonsky B., Ghanem A., Moss A.J. Survival with cardiac-resynchronization therapy in mild heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 2014; 370 (18): 1694–1701. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1401426Moss A.J., Hall W.J., Cannom D.S., Klein H., Brown M.W., Daubert J.P., Estes N.A. 3rd, Foster E., Greenberg H., Higgins S.L., Pfeffer M.A., Solomon S.D., Wilber D., Zareba W. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for the prevention of heart-failure events. N. Engl. J. Med., 2009; 361 (14): 1329–1338. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0906431Moss A.J., Hall W.J., Cannom D.S., Klein H., Brown M.W., Daubert J.P., Estes N.A. 3rd, Foster E., Greenberg H., Higgins S.L., Pfeffer M.A., Solomon S.D., Wilber D., Zareba W. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for the prevention of heart-failure events. N. Engl. J. Med., 2009; 361 (14): 1329–1338. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0906431Tang A.S., Wells G.A., Talajic M., Arnold M.O., Sheldon R., Connolly S., Hohnloser S.H., Nichol G., Birnie D.H., Sapp J.L., Yee R., Healey J.S., Rouleau J.L. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mildto-moderate heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 2010; 363 (25): 2385–2395. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1009540Tang A.S., Wells G.A., Talajic M., Arnold M.O., Sheldon R., Connolly S., Hohnloser S.H., Nichol G., Birnie D.H., Sapp J.L., Yee R., Healey J.S., Rouleau J.L. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mildto-moderate heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 2010; 363 (25): 2385–2395. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1009540St John Sutton M., Cerkvenik J., Borlaug B.A., Daubert C., Gold M.R., Ghio S., Chirinos J.A., Linde C., Ky B. Effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on cardiac remodeling and contractile function: results from Resynchronization Reverses Remodeling in Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction (REVERSE). J. Am. Heart Assoc., 2015: 4 (9): e002054. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002054St John Sutton M., Cerkvenik J., Borlaug B.A., Daubert C., Gold M.R., Ghio S., Chirinos J.A., Linde C., Ky B. Effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on cardiac remodeling and contractile function: results from Resynchronization Reverses Remodeling in Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction (REVERSE). J. Am. Heart Assoc., 2015: 4 (9): e002054. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002054Wells G., Parkash R., Healey J.S., Talajic M., Arnold J.M., Sullivan S., Peterson J., Yetisir E., Theoret- Patrick P., Luce M., Tang A.S. Cardiac resynchronization therapy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ, 2011; 183 (4): 421–429. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.101685Wells G., Parkash R., Healey J.S., Talajic M., Arnold J.M., Sullivan S., Peterson J., Yetisir E., Theoret- Patrick P., Luce M., Tang A.S. Cardiac resynchronization therapy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ, 2011; 183 (4): 421–429. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.101685RECOVER Study Investigators. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in elderly heart failure patients: Results from the RECOVER study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2023; 81 (9): 870–881.RECOVER Study Investigators. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in elderly heart failure patients: Results from the RECOVER study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2023; 81 (9): 870–881.Nazar W., Szymanowicz S., Nazar K., Kaufmann D., Wabich E., Braun-Dullaeus R., Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz L. Artificial intelligence models in prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: a systematic review. Heart Failure Reviews, 2024; 29 (1), 133–150. doi: 10.1007/s10741-023-10357-8Nazar W., Szymanowicz S., Nazar K., Kaufmann D., Wabich E., Braun-Dullaeus R., Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz L. Artificial intelligence models in prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: a systematic review. Heart Failure Reviews, 2024; 29 (1), 133–150. doi: 10.1007/s10741-023-10357-8Nagai T., Suzuki J., Komuro I. Biomarkers and genetic predictors of CRT response. Eur. J. Heart. Fail., 2023; 25 (2): 317–325.Nagai T., Suzuki J., Komuro I. Biomarkers and genetic predictors of CRT response. Eur. J. Heart. Fail., 2023; 25 (2): 317–325.Cleland J.G., Daubert J.C., Erdmann E., Freemantle N., Gras D., Kappenberger L., Tavazzi L., Cardiac Resynchronization-Heart Failure (CARE-HF) Study Investigators. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 2005; 352 (15): 1539–1549. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa050496Cleland J.G., Daubert J.C., Erdmann E., Freemantle N., Gras D., Kappenberger L., Tavazzi L., Cardiac Resynchronization-Heart Failure (CARE-HF) Study Investigators. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 2005; 352 (15): 1539–1549. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa050496Ситникова М.Ю., Лясникова Е.А., Юрченко А.В., Трукшина М.А., Куулар А.А., Галенко В.Л., Ива- нов С.Г., Дупляков Д.В., Шляхто Е.В. Результаты 3 лет работы Российского госпитального регистра хронической сердечной недостаточности (RUssian hoSpital Heart Failure Registry – RUS-HFR): взаимосвязь менеджмента и исходов у больных хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Кардиология, 2018; 58 (10S): 9–19. doi: 10.18087/cardio.2483Sitnikova M.Yu., Lyasnikova E.A., Yurchenko A.V., Trukshina M.A., Kuular A.A., Galenko V.L., Ivanov S.G., Dupliakov D.V., Shlyakhto E.V. Results of three years of the Russian Hospital Heart Failure Registry (RUS-HFR): relationship between management and outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure. Cardiology, 2018; 58 (10S): 9–19 (In Russ.). doi: 10.18087/cardio.2483Moss A.J., Zareba W., Hall W.J., Klein H., Wilber D.J., Cannom D.S., Daubert J.P., Higgins S.L., Brown M.W., Andrews M.L. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N. Engl. J. Med., 2002; 346 (12): 877–883. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa013474Moss A.J., Zareba W., Hall W.J., Klein H., Wilber D.J., Cannom D.S., Daubert J.P., Higgins S.L., Brown M.W., Andrews M.L. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N. Engl. J. Med., 2002; 346 (12): 877–883. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa013474Bardy G.H., Lee K.L., Mark D.B., Poole J.E., Packer D.L., Boineau R., Domanski M., Troutman C., Anderson J., Johnson G., McNulty S.E., Clapp-Channing N., Davidson-Ray L.D., Fraulo E.S., Fishbein D.P., Luceri R.M., Ip J.H. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 2005; 352 (3): 225–237. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa043399Bardy G.H., Lee K.L., Mark D.B., Poole J.E., Packer D.L., Boineau R., Domanski M., Troutman C., Anderson J., Johnson G., McNulty S.E., Clapp-Channing N., Davidson-Ray L.D., Fraulo E.S., Fishbein D.P., Luceri R.M., Ip J.H. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 2005; 352 (3): 225–237. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa043399Al-Khatib S.M., Fonarow G.C., Joglar J.A., Inoue L.Y.T., Mark D.B., Lee K.L., Kadish A., Bardy G., Sanders, G.D. Primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillators in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy: A meta-analysis. JAMA Сardiol., 2017; 2 (6): 685–688. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2017.0630Al-Khatib S.M., Fonarow G.C., Joglar J.A., Inoue L.Y.T., Mark D.B., Lee K.L., Kadish A., Bardy G., Sanders, G.D. Primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillators in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy: A meta-analysis. JAMA Сardiol., 2017; 2 (6): 685–688. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2017.0630Bennett M.T., Brown M.L., Koehler J., Lexcen D.R., Cheng A., Cheung J.W. Trends in implantable cardioverter- defibrillator programming practices and its impact on therapies: Insights from a North American Remote Monitoring Registry 2007–2018. Heart Rhythm, 2022; 19 (2): 219–225. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.10.010Bennett M.T., Brown M.L., Koehler J., Lexcen D.R., Cheng A., Cheung J.W. Trends in implantable cardioverter- defibrillator programming practices and its impact on therapies: Insights from a North American Remote Monitoring Registry 2007–2018. Heart Rhythm, 2022; 19 (2): 219–225. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.10.010Xanthopoulos A., Skoularigis J., Triposkiadis F. The neurohormonal overactivity syndrome in heart failure. Life, 2023; 13 (1): 250. doi: 10.3390/life13010250Xanthopoulos A., Skoularigis J., Triposkiadis F. The neurohormonal overactivity syndrome in heart failure. Life, 2023; 13 (1): 250. doi: 10.3390/life13010250Mehra M.R., Uriel N., Naka Y., Cleveland J.C. Jr, Yuzefpolskaya M., Salerno C.T., Walsh M.N., Milano C.A., Patel C.B., Hutchins S.W., Ransom J., Ewald G.A., Itoh A., Raval N.Y., Silvestry S.C., Cogswell R., John R., Bhimaraj A., Bruckner B.A., Lowes B.D., MOMENTUM 3 Investigators. A Fully Magnetically Levitated Left Ventricular Assist Device – final report. N. Engl. J. Med., 2019; 380 (17): 1618–1627. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1900486Mehra M.R., Uriel N., Naka Y., Cleveland J.C. Jr, Yuzefpolskaya M., Salerno C.T., Walsh M.N., Milano C.A., Patel C.B., Hutchins S.W., Ransom J., Ewald G.A., Itoh A., Raval N.Y., Silvestry S.C., Cogswell R., John R., Bhimaraj A., Bruckner B.A., Lowes B.D., MOMENTUM 3 Investigators. A Fully Magnetically Levitated Left Ventricular Assist Device – final report. N. Engl. J. Med., 2019; 380 (17): 1618–1627. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1900486Sidhu K., Lam P.H., Mehra M.R. Evolving trends in mechanical circulatory support: Clinical development of a fully magnetically levitated durable ventricular assist device. Trends Cardiovasc. Med., 2020; 30 (4): 223–229. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.05.013Sidhu K., Lam P.H., Mehra M.R. Evolving trends in mechanical circulatory support: Clinical development of a fully magnetically levitated durable ventricular assist device. Trends Cardiovasc. Med., 2020; 30 (4): 223–229. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.05.013Shekar K., Gregory S.D., Fraser J.F. Mechanical circulatory support in the new era: an overview. Critical Care (London), 2016; 20: 66. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1235-3Shekar K., Gregory S.D., Fraser J.F. Mechanical circulatory support in the new era: an overview. Critical Care (London), 2016; 20: 66. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1235-3Boulet J., Wanderley M.R.B. Jr., Mehra M.R. Contemporary left ventricular assist device therapy as a bridge or alternative to transplantation. Transplantation, 2024; 108 (6): 1333–1341. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000004834Boulet J., Wanderley M.R.B. Jr., Mehra M.R. Contemporary left ventricular assist device therapy as a bridge or alternative to transplantation. Transplantation, 2024; 108 (6): 1333–1341. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000004834Ouyang D., He B., Ghorbani A., Yuan N., Ebinger J., Langlotz C.P., Heidenreich P.A., Harrington R.A., Liang D.H., Ashley E.A., Zou J.Y. Video-based AI for beat-to-beat assessment of cardiac function. Nature, 2020; 580 (7802): 252–256. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2145-8Ouyang D., He B., Ghorbani A., Yuan N., Ebinger J., Langlotz C.P., Heidenreich P.A., Harrington R.A., Liang D.H., Ashley E.A., Zou J.Y. Video-based AI for beat-to-beat assessment of cardiac function. Nature, 2020; 580 (7802): 252–256. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2145-8Desai A.S., Bhimaraj A., Bharmi R., Jermyn R., Bhatt K., Shavelle D., Redfield M.M., Hull R., Pelzel J., Davis K., Dalal N., Adamson P.B., Heywood J.T. Ambulatory Hemodynamic Monitoring Reduces Heart Failure Hospitalizations in “Real-World” clinical practice. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2017; 69 (19): 2357–2365. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.03.009Desai A.S., Bhimaraj A., Bharmi R., Jermyn R., Bhatt K., Shavelle D., Redfield M.M., Hull R., Pelzel J., Davis K., Dalal N., Adamson P.B., Heywood J.T. Ambulatory Hemodynamic Monitoring Reduces Heart Failure Hospitalizations in “Real-World” clinical practice. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2017; 69 (19): 2357–2365. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.03.009Lindenfeld J., Zile M.R., Desai A.S., Bhatt K., Ducharme A., Horstmanshof D., Krim S.R., Maisel A., Mehra M.R., Paul S., Sears S.F., Sauer A.J., Smart F., Zughaib M., Castaneda P., Kelly J., Johnson N., Sood P., Ginn G., Henderson J., Adamson P.B., Costanzo M.R. Haemodynamic-guided management of heart failure (GUIDE-HF): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2021; 398 (10304): 991–1001. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01754-2Lindenfeld J., Zile M.R., Desai A.S., Bhatt K., Ducharme A., Horstmanshof D., Krim S.R., Maisel A., Mehra M.R., Paul S., Sears S.F., Sauer A.J., Smart F., Zughaib M., Castaneda P., Kelly J., Johnson N., Sood P., Ginn G., Henderson J., Adamson P.B., Costanzo M.R. Haemodynamic-guided management of heart failure (GUIDE-HF): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2021; 398 (10304): 991–1001. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01754-2Zhang J., Gajjala S., Agrawal P., Tison G.H., Hallock L.A., Beussink-Nelson L., Lassen M.H., Fan E., Aras M.A., Jordan C., Fleischmann K.E., Melisko M., Qasim A., Shah S.J., Bajcsy R., Deo R.C. Fully automated echocardiogram interpretation in clinical practice. Circulation, 2018; 138 (16): 1623–1635. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034338Zhang J., Gajjala S., Agrawal P., Tison G.H., Hallock L.A., Beussink-Nelson L., Lassen M.H., Fan E., Aras M.A., Jordan C., Fleischmann K.E., Melisko M., Qasim A., Shah S.J., Bajcsy R., Deo R.C. Fully automated echocardiogram interpretation in clinical practice. Circulation, 2018; 138 (16): 1623–1635. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034338Kwon J.M., Kim K.H., Jeon K.H., Lee S.Y., Park J., Oh B.H. Artificial intelligence algorithm for predicting cardiac arrest using electrocardiography. Scand. J. Trauma Resusc. Emerg. Med., 2020; 28 (1): 98. doi: 10.1186/s13049-020-00791-0Kwon J.M., Kim K.H., Jeon K.H., Lee S.Y., Park J., Oh B.H. Artificial intelligence algorithm for predicting cardiac arrest using electrocardiography. Scand. J. Trauma Resusc. Emerg. Med., 2020; 28 (1): 98. doi: 10.1186/s13049-020-00791-0Shameer K., Johnson K.W., Glicksberg B.S., Dudley J.T., Sengupta P.P. Machine learning in cardiovascular medicine: are we there yet? Heart, 2018; 104 (14): 1156–1164. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311198Shameer K., Johnson K.W., Glicksberg B.S., Dudley J.T., Sengupta P.P. Machine learning in cardiovascular medicine: are we there yet? Heart, 2018; 104 (14): 1156–1164. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311198Tran J.S., Wolfson A.M., O’Brien D., Yousefian O., Shavelle D.M. A systems-based analysis of the CardioMEMS HF Sensor for chronic heart failure management. Cardiol. Res. Pract., 2019; 2019: 7979830. doi: 10.1155/2019/7979830Tran J.S., Wolfson A.M., O’Brien D., Yousefian O., Shavelle D.M. A systems-based analysis of the CardioMEMS HF Sensor for chronic heart failure management. Cardiol. Res. Pract., 2019; 2019: 7979830. doi: 10.1155/2019/7979830Shah S.J., Katz D.H., Selvaraj S., Burke M.A., Yancy C.W., Gheorghiade M., Bonow R.O., Huang C.C., Deo R.C. Phenomapping for novel classification of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circulation, 2015; 131 (3): 269–279. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010637Shah S.J., Katz D.H., Selvaraj S., Burke M.A., Yancy C.W., Gheorghiade M., Bonow R.O., Huang C.C., Deo R.C. Phenomapping for novel classification of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circulation, 2015; 131 (3): 269–279. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010637Будневский А.В., Симион А.Ю., Шаповалова М.М. Патофизиология анемического синдрома при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях. Наука молодых (Eruditio juvenium), 2021; 9 (2): 301–312. doi: 10.23888/HMJ202192301-312Budnevsky A.V., Simion A.Yu., Shapovalova M.M. Pathophysiology of anemic syndrome in cardiovascular diseases. Science of the Young (Eruditio Juvenium), 2021; 9 (2): 301–312. (In Russ.). doi: 10.23888/HMJ202192301-312Ткаченко Е.И., Боровкова Н.Ю., Боровков Н.Н., Бакка Т.Е. Показатели провоспалительных цитокинов и гепсидина при анемии у больных с хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Терапия, 2021;7 (2): 56–65. doi: 10.18565/therapy.2021.2.56-65Tkachenko E.I., Borovkova N.Yu., Borovkov N.N., Bakka T.E. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and hepcidin in anemia in patients with chronic heart failure. Therapy, 2021; 7 (2): 56–65 (In Russ.). doi: 10.18565/therapy.2021.2.56-65Сидорук С.П., Петрова Е.Б., Митьковская Н.П. Анемия при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях. Неотложная кардиология и кардиоваскулярные риски, 2017; 1 (1): 38–45.Sidoruk S.P., Petrova E.B., Mitkovskaya N.P. Anemia in cardiovascular diseases. Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks, 2017; 1 (1): 38–45 (In Russ.).Адян Т.А., Поляков А.В. Наследственный транстиретиновый амилоидоз. Нервно-мышечные болезни, 2019; 9 (4): 12–25. doi: 10.17650/2222-8721-2019-9-4-12-25Adyan T.A., Polyakov A.V. Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Neuromuscular Diseases, 2019; 9 (4): 12–25 (In Russ.). doi: 10.17650/2222-8721-2019-9-4-12-25Шульпекова Ю.О., Баранов С.А., Нечаев В.М., Супряга И.В., Якушина И.И., Гараева А.С. Амилоидная кардиопатия: клиническое значение и диагностика. Медицинский вестник Северного Кавказа, 2022; 17 (1): 78–80. doi: 10.14300/mnnc.2022.17022Shulpekova Yu.O., Baranov S.A., Nechaev V.M., Supryaga I.V., Yakushina I.I., Garaeva A.S. Amyloid cardiopathy: clinical significance and diagnostics. Medical Bulletin of the North Caucasus, 2022; 17 (1): 78–80 (In Russ.). doi: 10.14300/mnnc.2022.17022Shin J., Johnson J.A. Beta-blocker pharmacogenetics in heart failure. Heart Failure Reviews, 2010; 15 (3): 187–196. doi: 10.1007/s10741-008-9094-xShin J., Johnson J.A. Beta-blocker pharmacogenetics in heart failure. Heart Failure Reviews, 2010; 15 (3): 187–196. doi: 10.1007/s10741-008-9094-xMcDonagh T.A., Metra M., Adamo M., Gardner R.S., Baumbach A., Böhm M., Burri H., Butler J., Čelutkienė J., Chioncel O., Cleland J.G.F., Coats A.J.S., Crespo-Leiro M.G., Farmakis D., Gilard M., Heymans S., Hoes A.W., Jaarsma T., Jankowska E.A., ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur. J. Heart Fail., 2022; 24 (1): 4–131. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.2333McDonagh T.A., Metra M., Adamo M., Gardner R.S., Baumbach A., Böhm M., Burri H., Butler J., Čelutkienė J., Chioncel O., Cleland J.G.F., Coats A.J.S., Crespo-Leiro M.G., Farmakis D., Gilard M., Heymans S., Hoes A.W., Jaarsma T., Jankowska E.A., ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur. J. Heart Fail., 2022; 24 (1): 4–131. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.2333van Veldhuisen D.J., Anker S.D., Ponikowski P., Macdougall I.C. Anemia and iron deficiency in heart failure: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Nat. Rev. Cardiol., 2011; 8 (9): 485–493. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2011.77van Veldhuisen D.J., Anker S.D., Ponikowski P., Macdougall I.C. Anemia and iron deficiency in heart failure: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Nat. Rev. Cardiol., 2011; 8 (9): 485–493. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2011.77Garcia-Pavia P., Rapezzi C., Adler Y., Arad M., Basso C., Brucato A., Burazor I., Caforio A.L.P., Damy T., Eriksson U., Fontana M., Gillmore J.D., Gonzalez-Lopez E., Grogan M., Heymans S., Imazio M., Kindermann I., Kristen A.V., Maurer M.S., Merlini G., Pantazis A., Pankuweit S., Rigopoulos A.G., Linhart A. Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac amyloidosis: a position statement of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur. Heart J., 2021; 42 (16): 1554–1568. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab072Garcia-Pavia P., Rapezzi C., Adler Y., Arad M., Basso C., Brucato A., Burazor I., Caforio A.L.P., Damy T., Eriksson U., Fontana M., Gillmore J.D., Gonzalez-Lopez E., Grogan M., Heymans S., Imazio M., Kindermann I., Kristen A.V., Maurer M.S., Merlini G., Pantazis A., Pankuweit S., Rigopoulos A.G., Linhart A. Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac amyloidosis: a position statement of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur. Heart J., 2021; 42 (16): 1554–1568. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab072Kittleson M.M., Maurer M.S., Ambardekar A.V., Bullock-Palmer R.P., Chang P.P., Eisen H.J., Nair A.P., Nativi-Nicolau J., Ruberg F.L. Cardiac amyloidosis: evolving diagnosis and management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 2020; 142 (1): e7–e22. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000792Kittleson M.M., Maurer M.S., Ambardekar A.V., Bullock-Palmer R.P., Chang P.P., Eisen H.J., Nair A.P., Nativi-Nicolau J., Ruberg F.L. Cardiac amyloidosis: evolving diagnosis and management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 2020; 142 (1): e7–e22. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000792Fontana M., Pica S., Reant P., Abdel-Gadir A., Treibel T.A., Banypersad S.M., Maestrini V., Barcella W., Rosmini S., Bulluck H., Sayed R.H., Patel K., Mamhood S., Bucciarelli-Ducci C., Whelan C.J., Herrey A.S., Lachmann H.J., Wechalekar A.D., Manisty C.H., Schelbert E.B., Kellman P., Gillmore J.D., Hawkins P.N., Moon J.C. Prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance in cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation, 2015; 132 (16): 1570–1579. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016567Fontana M., Pica S., Reant P., Abdel-Gadir A., Treibel T.A., Banypersad S.M., Maestrini V., Barcella W., Rosmini S., Bulluck H., Sayed R.H., Patel K., Mamhood S., Bucciarelli-Ducci C., Whelan C.J., Herrey A.S., Lachmann H.J., Wechalekar A.D., Manisty C.H., Schelbert E.B., Kellman P., Gillmore J.D., Hawkins P.N., Moon J.C. Prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance in cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation, 2015; 132 (16): 1570–1579. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016567

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.