aterosklerozАтеросклерозAteroscleroz2078-256X2949-3633НИИТПМ-филиал ИЦиГ СО РАН10.52727/2078-256X-2025-21-2-166-179ateroskleroz-1118Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSАссоциация между вариантами генов MTHFR, ACE, CSK, TCF7L2, ADRA2B, инсулинорезистентностью и нарушением липидного обмена в рамках метаболического синдрома. Обзор литературыAssociation between MTHFR, ACE, CSK, TCF7L2, ADRA2B gene variants, insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders within the metabolic syndrome.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0143-982XКорнееваЕ. В.KorneevaE. V.

Елена Викторовна Корнеева, канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры внутренних болезней

628400, г. Сургут, пр. Ленина, 1

Elena V. Korneeva, candidate of medical sciences, associate professor of the department of internal medicine

1, Lenin ave., Surgut, 628400

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-413XВоеводаМ. И.VoevodaM. I.

Михаил Иванович Воевода, д-р мед. наук, проф., академик РАН, научный консультант

630117, г. Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2

Mikhail I. Voevoda, doctor of medical sciences, professor, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, scientific consultant

2, Timakova st., Novosibirsk, 630117

Бюджетное учреждение высшего образования ХМАО – Югры «Сургутский государственный университет» РоссияBudgetary Institution of Higher Education of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Ugra “Surgut State University”Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины»Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine202509072025212166179Copyright © Корнеева Е.В., Воевода М.И., 20252025Корнеева Е.В., Воевода М.И.Korneeva E.V., Voevoda M.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ateroskleroz.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1118

В настоящее время наблюдается тревожный тренд – рост числа случаев метаболического синдрома (МС) среди молодого населения. Особенностью МС у молодых людей являются ранние атерогенные нарушения. Многие из компонентов МС (ожирение, инсулинорезистентность (ИР), дислипидемии) наследственно детерминированы. Инсулинорезистентность – это сложное состояние с гетерогенными молекулярными механизмами. Генетические мутации могут играть важную роль в формировании инсулинорезистентности, приводя к нарушениям клеточного метаболизма и регуляции. Цель обзора – на основе анализа литературы выявить ассоциации часто встречающихся аллельных вариантов генов MTHFR, ACE, CSK, TCF7L2 и ADRA2B с нарушением липидного обмена и ИР при МС. Материал и методы. Использованы базы данных eLIBRARY.ru и PubMed, проведен поиск за период с 1996 по 2025 г. по ключевым словам: «метаболический синдром», «инсулинорезистентность», «дислипидемия», «метилентетрагидрофолатредуктаза», «фактор транскрипции-7, подобный-2», «С-концевая киназа Src», «ангиотензин-превращающий фермент», «альфа-2B адренергический рецептор». Проанализировано 512 клинических и экспериментальных статей. После исключения статей, отражающих клинические случаи и фармакологические исследования, отобрано 76 статей, соответствующих цели исследования. Заключение. Гены MTHFR, ACE, CSK, TCF7L2 и ADRA2B занимают важное место в регуляции метаболических процессов в организме. Их различные варианты могут оказывать значительное влияние на развитие инсулинорезистентности, которая является одной из основных причин дислипидемии при МС. Нарушения липидного обмена при ожирении в свою очередь воздействуют на формирование инсулинорезистентности, тем самым поддерживая порочный круг в прогрессировании метаболических нарушений. 

Currently, there is an alarming trend – the growth of metabolic syndrome cases among the young population. The peculiarity of metabolic syndrome in young people is early atherogenic disorders. Many of the components of metabolic syndrome (obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia) have a genetic predisposition. Insulin resistance is a complex condition with heterogeneous molecular mechanisms. Genetic mutations can play an important role, leading to disorders in various aspects of cellular metabolism and regulation. The objective of the review was to analyze the literature on the association of common variants in the MTHFR, ACE, CSK, TCF7L2, and ADRA2B genes with lipid metabolism disorders and insulin resistance in the context of metabolic syndrome. Material and methods. The databases eLIBRARY.ru and PubMed were analysed using the following keywords: metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), Src C-terminal kinase, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and alpha-2B adrenergic receptor, covering publications from 1996 to 2025. A total of 512 clinical and experimental articles were analyzed. After excluding articles that reflected clinical cases and pharmacological studies, 76 articles that met the objective of the study were selected. Conclusion. The MTHFR, ACE, CSK, TCF7L2 and ADRA2B genes play an important role in regulating metabolic processes. Their various forms can have a significant impact on the development of insulin resistance, which is one of the main causes of dyslipidemia in metabolic syndrome. Lipid metabolism disorders in obesity, in turn, affect the formation of insulin resistance, thereby maintaining a vicious circle in the progression of metabolic disorders.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.