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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ateroskleroz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Атеросклероз</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ateroscleroz</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-256X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-3633</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИИТПМ-филиал ИЦиГ СО РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52727/2078-256X-2024-20-3-291-307</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ateroskleroz-1071</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Многолетние тренды кардиометаболических факторов риска у подростков 14–18 лет г. Новосибирска (1989–2024 гг.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Long-term trends of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents aged 14–18 years in Novosibirsk (1989–2024)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2470-2133</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисова</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisova</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Диана Вахтанговна Денисова, д-р мед. наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории профилактической медицины</p><p>630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana V. Denisova, doctor of medical sciences, chief researcher, laboratory of preventive medicine</p><p>175/1, Boris Bogatkov str., Novosibirsk, 630089</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denisovadiana@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляевская</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaevskaya</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Александровна Беляевская, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории профилактической медицины</p><p>630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Belyaevskaya, junior researcher of the laboratory of preventive medicine</p><p>175/1, Boris Bogatkov str., Novosibirsk, 630089</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ebelyaevskaya1967@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9270-9188</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лилия Валерьевна Щербакова, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинико-популяционных и профилактических исследований терапевтических и эндокринных заболеваний</p><p>630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lilia V. Shcherbakova, senior researcher at the laboratory of clinical-population and preventive research of therapeutic and endocrine diseases</p><p>175/1, Boris Bogatkov str., Novosibirsk, 630089</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">9584792@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0900-5077</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сосновская</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosnovskaya</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Ивановна Сосновская, аспирант 1 г. обучения</p><p>630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Sosnovskaya, 1st year postgraduate student</p><p>175/1, Boris Bogatkov str., Novosibirsk, 630089</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenasosnovskaya95@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4936-8362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рагино</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ragino</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Игоревна Рагино, д-р мед. наук, проф., чл.-корр. РАН, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории клинических биохимических и гормональных исследований терапевтических заболеваний, руководитель </p><p>630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia I. Ragino, doctor of medical sciences, professor, corresponding member of the RAS, chief researcher of the laboratory of clinical biochemical and hormonal studies of therapeutic diseases, head </p><p>175/1, Boris Bogatkov str., Novosibirsk, 630089</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ragino@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения&#13;
«Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>291</fpage><lpage>307</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Денисова Д.В., Беляевская Е.А., Щербакова Л.В., Сосновская Е.И., Рагино Ю.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Денисова Д.В., Беляевская Е.А., Щербакова Л.В., Сосновская Е.И., Рагино Ю.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Denisova D.V., Belyaevskaya E.A., Shcherbakova L.V., Sosnovskaya E.I., Ragino Y.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ateroskleroz.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1071">https://ateroskleroz.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1071</self-uri><abstract><p>Высокая распространенность сердечно-сосудистой заболеваемости и смертности в российской популяции диктует необходимость выявления и профилактики факторов риска этих заболеваний с подросткового возраста. Цель исследования – изучить распространенность и многолетние тренды кардиометаболических факторов риска в подростковой популяционной выборке г. Новосибирска (1989–2024 гг.).</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В 1989–2024 гг. в Новосибирске проводились одномоментные популяционные исследования случайных репрезентативных выборок школьников 14–18 лет обоего пола с интервалом 5 лет. Проведено восемь скринингов. Всего обследовано 5106 подростков (43–46 % мальчиков). Получено одобрение локального этического комитета НИИТПМ – филиала ИЦиГ СО РАН, все дети и их родители подписывали информированное согласие на обследование. Программа была единой для всех скринингов и включала опрос по стандартной анкете, 2-кратное измерение артериального давления, антропометрию (рост, масса тела, окружность груди, талии и бедер), исследование липидного профиля крови. Оценку кардиометаболических факторов риска проводили в соответствии с последними российскими и международными рекомендациями.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Распространенность гиперхолестеринемии у подростков Новосибирска за 35 лет снизилась с 22,3 до 3,0 % у мальчиков и с 31,8 до 10,6 % у девочек (p &lt; 0,001). Наибольшая частота артериальной гипертензии (АГ) отмечена в 1989 г., затем к 1994 г. она снизилась и оставалась относительно стабильной до уменьшения в 2014 г. с последующим ростом, особенно среди мальчиков, распространенность АГ среди которых в 2024 г. достигла уровня 1989 г. (17,3 и 16,9 % соответственно). Наибольшее падение частоты избыточной массы тела (ИзбМТ) относительно 1989 г. отмечено в 1999 г.: у мальчиков – в 2,7 раза, у девочек – в 3,2 раза; с 2003 г. зарегистрирован последовательный рост показателя, в большей степени – среди мальчиков, и к 2014 г. он превысил исходные значения скрининга 1989 г. на 8 % у мальчиков (соответственно 21,6 и 13,9 %, p &lt; 0,01) и на 3 % у девочек (соответственно 14,3 и 11,5 %, p = 0,05). На последующих скринингах распространенность ИзбМТ практически не менялась. Частота курения за период с 1989 по 2024 г. среди подростков обоего пола снизилась почти в 10 раз: с 45 % в 1989 г. до 5,5 % в 2024 г. у мальчиков и с 19 до 2 % у девочек (p &lt; 0,01), однако на фоне уменьшения обычного потребления табака отмечен рост электронного курения. За последние 5 лет (2019–2024 гг.) вдвое увеличилось употребление электронных сигарет и гаджетов среди мальчиков (с 6 до 12 %) и втрое – среди девочек (с 3 до 9 %). Распространенность сниженной физической активности среди подростков за весь период оставалась высокой, однако в последние 15 лет этот показатель отчетливо снизился у мальчиков (62 % в 2009 г. и 37 % в 2024 г., p &lt; 0,01). С 2009 г. увеличилось экранное время: с 18 ч/нед у мальчиков и 15 ч/нед у девочек до 30 ч/нед в 2014 г., в 2019 г. оставаясь на прежнем уровне. В 2024 г. экранное время перед компьютером снизилось, но увеличилось телефонное время, в сумме не превысив показатели 2014 и 2019 гг. (33–35 ч/нед).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. На основании популяционных скринингов подростков, проводимых в Новосибирске в течение 35 лет, выявлены распространенность и многолетние тренды кардиометаболических факторов риска (АГ, дислипопротеидемий, ИзбМТ и ожирения, курения и сниженной физической активности).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>High prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Russian population dictates the need to identify and prevent risk factors for these diseases from adolescence. Objective: to study the prevalence and long-term trends in cardiometabolic risk factors in an adolescent population sample of Novosibirsk (1989–2024).</p><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. In 1989–2024, cross-sectional population studies of random representative samples of schoolchildren aged 14–18 of both sexes were conducted in Novosibirsk with an interval of 5 years. 8 screenings were conducted. A total of 5106 adolescents (43–46 % boys) were examined. Approval was received from the Local Ethics Committee of the Research Institute of Preventive and Internal Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; all children and their parents signed informed consent for the examination. The program was uniform for all screenings and included a survey using a standard questionnaire, 2-fold measurement of blood pressure, anthropometry (height, body weight, chest, waist and hip circumferences), and a biochemical blood test for lipid profile. The levels of cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed in accordance with the latest Russian and international recommendations. Statistical data processing was performed using the SPSS for Windows 13 package.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in adolescents in Novosibirsk over 35 years decreased from 22.3 to 3.0 % in boys and from 31.8 to 10.6 % in girls (p &lt; 0.001). The highest prevalence of hypertension in adolescents was observed in 1989, then by 1994 its levels decreased and remained relatively stable until a decrease in 2014 with a subsequent increase, especially among boys, the prevalence of hypertension among whom in 2024 reached the 1989 level (17.3 % and 16.9 %, respectively). The greatest decrease in the frequency of excessive weight in adolescents relative to 1989 was observed in 1999: in boys – 2.7 times, in girls – 3.2 times. Since 2003, there has been a consistent increase in the prevalence of overweight among adolescents, primarily among boys, and by 2014 it exceeded the baseline values of the 1989 screening by 8 % in boys (21.6 versus 13.9 % (p &lt; 0.01)) and by 3 % in girls (14.3 versus 11.5 % (p = 0.05)). At subsequent screenings, the frequency of overweight remained unchanged. The frequency of smoking among adolescents of both sexes decreased almost 10-fold from 1989 to 2024: from 45 % in 1989 to 5.5 % in 2024 among boys, and from 19 % to 2% among girls (p &lt; 0.01), however, an increase in electronic smoking was noted. Over the past 5 years (2019–2024), the use of electronic cigarettes and gadgets among boys has doubled (from 6 up to 12 %) and three times among girls (from 3 to 9 %). The prevalence of reduced physical activity among adolescents remained high throughout the period, but in the last 15 years it has clearly decreased among boys (62 % in 2009 versus 37 % in 2024 (p &lt; 0.01). Since 2009, screen time has increased: from 18 hours/week in 2009 for boys and 15 for girls to 30 hours/week in 2014 and remained at the same level in 2019. In 2024, screen time of the computer decreased, but phone time increased, which in total did not exceed the figures for 2014 and 2019 (33–35 hours/ week).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Based on population screening of adolescents conducted in Novosibirsk over 35 years, the prevalence and long-term trends of cardiometabolic risk factors (arterial hypertension, dyslipoproteinemia, overweight and obesity, smoking and low physical activity) were identified.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>подростки</kwd><kwd>популяция</kwd><kwd>кардиометаболические факторы риска</kwd><kwd>тренды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adolescents</kwd><kwd>population</kwd><kwd>cardiometabolic risk factors</kwd><kwd>trends</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания по теме «Эпидемиологический мониторинг распространенных терапевтических заболеваний, их факторов риска и осложнений в Сибири для совершенствования подходов к их профилактике и рискометрии», 2024–2028 гг. (FWNR-2024-0002), а также по грантам РГНФ «Женское курение в России» №12-06-00878, 2012–2014; РФФИ «Многолетняя динамика избыточной массы тела среди молодых россиян: оценка вклада генетических, поведенческих и социально-экономических факторов в рост распространенности ожирения в России» № 19-013-00800, 2019–2021.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment on the topic “Epidemiological monitoring of common therapeutic diseases, their risk factors and complications in Siberia to improve approaches to their prevention and riskometry”, 2024–2028 (FWNR-2024-0002), as well as under grants from the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation “Female Smoking in Russia” No. 12-06-00878, 2012–2014; Russian Foundation for Basic Research “Long-term dynamics of overweight among young Russians: assessment of the contribution of genetic, behavioral and socio-economic factors to the increase in the prevalence of obesity in Russia” No. 19-013-00800, 2019–2021.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бойцов С.А., Шальнова С.А., Деев А.Д. 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